Copyright (C) 1992, 1993 Signum Support AB Copyright (C)
1993, 1994 Free Software Foundation, Inc.  ॢ 
᪨ 
Copyright (C) 1999-2000 Alexey Mahotkin

   蠥 ᮧ  ࠭ 
 ⮣ 㪮⢠  ᫮ ࠭  
 㢥  ᪨ ࠢ  ⮣ ࠧ襭.

   蠥 ஢  ࠭ 
ᨨ ⮣ 㪮⢠  ஢  , 
᫮,   ஦ ࠡ ࠭ 
᫮ ࠧ襭 ஢, 筮 ⮬
ࠧ襭.

   蠥 ஢  ࠭ ॢ ⮣
㪮⢠  㣮 ,  㪠 ᫮ 
 ᨩ,  ᪫祭 ⮣,   ࠧ襭
    ॢ, ⢥ত  
ணࠬ ᯥ祭.



    㪮⢮  ଠ Info 뢠 ᯮ짮 
஢ CVS ᨨ 1.10.8.


*****

     ।祭  ,  ࠭ 
ᯮ짮 CVS , ,   ᯮ짮
ࠢ ﬨ.

   ᫨  㦥   CVS    
   ᯮ । ,
, ⭮,  ய  .

 ⠪ CVS?
==============

                騥 諮 祭  .

                                          - द ﭠ

   CVS --  ⥬ ஫ ᨩ.  ᯮ , 
    䠩  室묨 ⥪⠬.

   ਬ,   ।    
 訡,    ᬮ 㦨  祭
⥫쭮 ६.    CVS   
   , ⮡ 筮 ᭨, 
 ਢ  訡.    ᨫ쭮 .

   筮,   ࠭    䠩,
  ᮧ.   㤥 ⮨  ⭮
ꥬ ᪮ ࠭⢠.  CVS ࠭  ᨨ 䠩
  䠩 ⠪ ࠧ,   
  ﬨ.

   CVS ⠪ , ᫨   童 㯯
ࠧࠡ稪  ஥.  祭   㦨
, ᫨ ⮫쪮   ࠩ .  
।, ⠪  GNU Emacs,  ᫥, ⮡
 祫  﫨 ६     䠩.  
ᮦ, ᫨ - ᯮ 㣮 ।, 
।஦  ࠡ⠥.  CVS 蠥  ஡,
 ࠧࠡ稪   㣠.   ࠡ⠥ 
᢮ ᮡ⢥ ⠫,  ⥬ CVS ꥤ
祭 ࠡ.

   CVS    sh-ਯ⮢, ஬  
Dick Grune, 㡫  㯯 ⥩
`comp.sources.unix'  ⮬ 6   1986 .  ᬮ
 ,   窨    ਯ⮢  
 CVS, ᭮ ⬠ ࠭ 䫨⮢  
㤠.

    ५ 1989  Brian Berliner ஥஢ 
ॠ CVS.  Jeff Polk     প
㫥  ⢥ ⠢騪.

    CVS  ࠧ묨 ᯮᮡ,  ᢮
祭  ୥.   ଠ樥  祭  
㣨 ᠬ 頩 :

     http://www.cyclic.com/
     http://www.loria.fr/~molli/cvs-index.html

    ᯨ᮪ 뫪 `info-cvs', 饭
㦤 CVS.  ⮡     ⯨,
  `info-cvs-request@gnu.org'.

   ᫨  ।⠥ 㯯 ⥩ usenet, 
`comp.software.config-mgmt', 饭 㦤
ࠧࠧ ⥬ ࠢ 䨣樥,  ⮫쪮
CVS.   饬  ᮧ
`comp.software.config-mgmt.cvs', ᫨ 
`comp.software.config-mgmt' 㤥 ⢮ 筮
⢮ 㦤 CVS.

    ⠪   ᯨ᮪ 뫪 `bug-cvs', 
஬ ஡ ᪠뢠  *Note 訡  CVS::.
⮡ ,   `bug-cvs-request@gnu.org'.

   CVS?
====================

   CVS ᤥ   ⢮ 饩,   ⠥ 
ᥬ ࠧ.

CVS   ⥬ ࠢ ᡮમ.
     ᬮ  ,   襣 ९ 
     䠩 㫥   ⥬ ࠢ
     ᡮમ (  䠩 `Makefile'), 
     ਭ樯쭮 ᨬ.

     CVS  㪠뢠,  ᮡ    ஥.
       ࠭ 䠩, ।⠢ 
       , ᯮ 㬠  
     ॢ.

     CVS  㪠뢠,  ᯮ짮 ᪮
     ࠭⢮  祭 ⠫.  ᫨ 
     ᮧ `Makefile'  ਯ   ⠫
     ⠪,     ⭮⥫  ᥣ
     ⠫쭮,    ⥬,  ਤ
       ९਩.

     ᫨  ਧ  ࠡ  ᮧ ⥬
     ᡮન,  㤥 ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮 䠩,
     (।⢮ 뫮, ஢, `VPATH' 
     `Makefile''  . .),  ᬮ ᯮ짮
     ᪮ ࠭⢮  㣮  ᯮᮡ.

      ⮫쪮,  __  ⥬ ॡ
     쥧 ࠡ  ᮧ  ঠ.  CVS 
     ⠥ ࠢ  騬  ⮬ ᠬ.

     筮 ,  ᫥  ।⢠, ᮧ
      প ⥬ ᡮન (ਯ, `Makefile'', 
     . .),  CVS.

     ᭥ ⮣,  䠩 ᫥ ४஢
      - ,  ,  
     祩 CVS.  ࠤ樮 室 
     ᯮ짮 `make'  ᡮન,  ᯮ짮
     ᯥ樠쭮 ⨫  樨 ᨬ⥩,
     ᯮ㥬 ணࠬ `make'.

     ⥫쭠 ଠ  ᡮથ ஥⮢ 
     ᯮ짮 CVS 室  *Note ઠ ஥::.

CVS    㪮⥫
     ।,   頥  訬 砫쭨 
     ஬ ஥ 筮 , ⮡  
     䨪 ࠡ, 窠 ᫨ﭨ,  ⮪  
     ᪠.  ᫨   ⠪,  CVS   ᬮ
     .

     CVS --  㬥, ⠢騩    
      㤪.    ,  ᯮ⥫.   
     㬥  ࠥ ᠬ   稭 ᮡ⢥
     모.

CVS    饭 ࠧࠡ稪.
     ⨢  䫨⮬, 騬  ⢥
     ப, 設⢮ ࠧࠡ稪 ࠢ  
      ᮡ 㤠.  ,  饥 ।
     "䫨" 砥  ᥡ ஡,  ᫨誮
     㤭   ⢨ ࠧࠡ稪.

     CVS   㦨,  ᨭ஭  
       ᪮쪨 䠩 ਢ  ᪮
     䫨.  ⨥ "䫨", ஥ ᯮ
     CVS, ண ⥪㠫쭮.   䫨 ,
        ᭮ 䠩 筮 ,
     ⮡ 㣠 ணࠬ ᫨ﭨ (  `diff3').

     CVS ᮢ襭 ᯮᮡ   ࠭
     ⥪㠫  । 䫨⮢  
     ணࠬ.

     ਬ: ।,   㬥 㭪樨 `X',
     ᠭ  䠩 `A'.     ᠬ ६ - 
     । 䠩 `B',   맮 㭪樨 `X',
     ᯮ  㬥.  CVS 祬  ᬮ
     .

     쬨 ਢ  ᯥ䨪樨  ᥤ 
     .

CVS   ஫ 
      "஫ "    ᪮쪮
     饩.  -,    "᫥
     訡",   ࠭   㦥
     訡  ﭨ  (ࠢ  ?  
     ᨨ? ᮣᨫ  㦨訩 ,  
     ࠢ?).   ⢨  譥 ⥬
     ᫥ 訡    䠩 `rcsinfo'
      `verifymsg' (*note ⨢ 䠩::).

     㣨 ᯥ⮬ ஫  
     ᫥ ⮣ 䠪,    ᪮쪨
     䠩  ⢨⥫쭮    ⥬ 
     ᮣᮢ .  ᫨  䨪
     ᪮쪮 䠩   `cvs commit',  CVS
     뢠,   䠩 뫨 䨪஢
     ६,  ⢥ ,  ꥤ --
       ୠ .    砥
        䠩 `ChangeLog'  ⨫ GNU.

       ᯥ⮬ ஫ ,  
     ⥬   ᫥ 
      .    뫨 ᠭ
     ࠧࠡ稪,  뫨 祭 㣨
     ࠧࠡ稪,  ⠪ .  筮  ࠡ  CVS 
     ⮬ 砥 ᮧ diff-䠩, (ᯮ `cvs diff'
      `diff'),  뫠  ஭ 
     -,  ⮬ ਬ  diff-䠩,
     ᯮ ணࠬ `patch'.   祭 , 
       譨  ⭮襭  CVS 堭,
     ⮡ 㡥,  祣  饭.

CVS   ⥬ ⮬᪮ ஢
     祬,   ਭ㤨⥫쭮
     믮 ਨ ⮢, ᯮ 䠩 `commitinfo'.
     ,  ,  祭    ஥,
     ᯮ짮  ,     
     - 誨   .

CVS   ஥  
      ⥬ ᯥ稢 ᯮᮡ 㡥, 
       ५ 室 १ ।
     㯥,  ७  .   ,
     ⮣     CVS,   
     ॡ   ࠡ.   
       㤥 ᯮ짮 䠩 `commitinfo',
     `loginfo', `rcsinfo'  `verifymsg', ⮡ 㡥,
      ।ਭ । 蠣, ० 祬 CVS
      䨪஢ .  㬠 ⠪,
       ᯮ짮 ⠪ ,  ⢨
     ࠧࠡ⪨  ⪨, ⮡, ᪠, ࠡ 
      ⪮ ࠧࠡ⪨,  ⥬ ꥤ
     ।   ⠡쭮 ⪮,  
      ७.

ਬ ࠡ  CVS
===================

    ⢥   CVS  ਢ  ⨯
 ࠡ  CVS.  ࢮ,  室 , 
,  CVS ࠭  䠩  業ࠫ
"९ਨ" (*note ਩::);  ⮩ 
।,  ९਩ ஥.

   ।,   ࠡ⠥   ஬.
室 ⥪ ⮨  ᪮쪨 C-䠩 
`Makefile''.   뢠 `tc' (ਢ
),  ९਩ ஥ ⠪,   
`tc'.

祭 室 
------------------------

   砫    ࠡ  室 
 `tc'.  ᯮ 

     $ cvs checkout tc

 ⮬ 㤥 ᮧ ⠫ `tc',    饭
 䠩  室묨 ⥪⠬.

     $ cd tc
     $ ls
     CVS         Makefile    backend.c   driver.c    frontend.c  parser.c

   ⠫ `CVS' ᯮ  ७ 㦤 CVS.
筮   ᫥ ।஢  㤠 䠩,
室騥  ⮬ ⠫.

    ᪠ ᢮  ।, ࠡ⠥ 
`backend.c'  १  ᮢ   䠧 ⨬樨
 .  砭  짮⥫ RCS  RCCS: 
ॡ ஢ 䠩,   
।஢.  *Note ᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪::, 
ਢ ⥫ ᭥.

஢ 
----------------------

   ᫥ ⮣,   ஢ਫ,    
,  訫 ᮧ   `backend.c'.
 ⮬  ९ਨ    `backend.c',
 ⠭ 㯭 ᥬ, ᯮ騬 
९਩.

     $ cvs commit backend.c

CVS ᪠ ।, ⮡   
ୠ .   ࠥ " 䠧
⨬樨", ࠭ ६ 䠩  室 
।.

   ६ 㦥 `$CVSEDITOR' ।, 
 । 㤥 맢.  ᫨ `$CVSEDITOR' 
⠭,  ᯮ `$EDITOR', ᫨ ,  ᢮
।, ⠭.  ᫨  ६  ⠭,
ᯮ ।  㬮砭  襩 樮
⥬, ਬ, `vi'  UNIX  `notepad'  Windows
95/NT.

   , CVS ஢ ६ 㦥 `VISUAL'.
 ࠧ   ⮬, ॡ  ⠪
    쭥訥 ᨨ CVS ஢
६ `VISUAL'  ஢ .    砥,
 ᥣ 㤥 㡥,  `VISUAL'   
⠭,  ⠭    祭,  
`EDITOR'.

    CVS ᪠ ।,  蠡  
ୠ쭮  ᫥  䠩.  
 CVS  ᯨ᮪ ᮧ  ࠢ ६
 䠩   ६ ,   
祭  .   ࠧ, ᫨ ६ 
䠩 ,   ᮤন ⠫ ०, 
㤥  .   ᥣ   砥 
    --   䨪஢
 CVS ।,  ᮤন 䠩  
  ᥡ  ࠧ.    `update'
ᮮ CVS,  䠩   ,   ६ 
㤥 饭  ० 祭, ⠪   䠩 
㤥   쭥 䨪஢.

   ᫨    ᪠ ।, 㪠
ୠ    ப, ᯮ 䫠 `-m',
ਬ:

     $ cvs commit -m " 䠧 ⨬樨" backend.c

ઠ  ᮡ
---------------

   । ⥬,  ३  㣨 ,  蠥
㤠 ࠡ  `tc'.  筮 ,   ᤥ
⠪:

     $ cd ..
     $ rm -r tc

 訬 ᯮᮡ 㤥 ᯮ짮  `release'
(*note  release::):

     $ cd ..
     $ cvs release -d tc
     M driver.c
     ? tc
     You have [1] altered files in this repository.
     Are you sure you want to release (and delete) directory `tc': n
     ** `release' aborted by user choice.

    `release' ஢,     뫨
䨪஢.  ᫨ 祭 ୠ஢ ਨ,  
䠩 ਨ  ᮮ⢥ ⪠.  *Note
 history::.

   ᫨  ᯮ  `release'  䫠 `-d', 
 㤠  ࠡ .

    襯ਢ ਬ  `release' 뤠
᪮쪮 ப. `? tc' 砥,  䠩 `tc' ⥭
CVS.  ᯮ   祬, `tc' --  ᯮ塞 䠩
,    ᫥ ࠭  ९ਨ.  *Note
 cvsignore::,    ଠ  ⮬, 
 ⮣ ।०.  *Note 饭 
release::,  室  ଠ  
ᮮ饭  `release'.

   `M driver.c' --  쥧 ᮮ饭.   砥,
 䠩 `driver.c'     ᫥
祭  ९.

    `release' ᥣ ᮮ頥, ᪮쪮 
䠩 室  襩 ࠡ祩  室 , 
⥬ 訢 ⢥ত । 㤠 䠩 
ᥭ ⪨  䠩 ਨ.

    蠥 客  ⢥砥 `n <RET>', 
`release'  ⢥ত.

ᬮ 
------------------

     ,  﫨 䠩 `driver.c', ⮬
 ᬮ,   稫  .

     $ cd tc
     $ cvs diff driver.c

     ࠢ  䠩 `driver.c',
室饩  ९ਨ,  襩 ࠡ祩 .  
 ᬠਢ ,  ᯮ,  
㬥  ப, ࠧ騩 䠧 ⨬樨.
 䨪    ᢮ .

     $ cvs commit -m " 䠧 ⨬樨" driver.c
     Checking in driver.c;
     /usr/local/cvsroot/tc/driver.c,v  <--  driver.c
     new revision: 1.2; previous revision: 1.1
     done
     $ cd ..
     $ cvs release -d tc
     ? tc
     You have [0] altered files in this repository.
     Are you sure you want to release (and delete) directory `tc': y

਩
***********

    "९ਨ" CVS ࠭    䠩 
⠫, 室  ஫ ᨩ.

   筮    ਤ   
䠩  ९ਨ.   ⮣  㤥 ᯮ짮
 CVS  祭 襩 ᮡ⢥  䠩 
襬 "ࠡ祬 ⠫",  ⥬ 㤥 ࠡ  ⮩
.    ᫨ । , 
頥 ( "䨪")   ९਩.   
९ਨ ࠭ ଠ  ᤥ 
:     뫮   
 ଠ.  ,  ९਩  
⠫ ࠡ祣 ⠫,  ⭮ ⠪ ୮;
 室  ᮢ襭 ࠧ .

   CVS    ९ ⢮ ᯮᮡ.
਩  室  쭮 設, 
ᥤ 設    設, 室饩  㣮
⨭.  ⮡ ࠧ ᯮᮡ 㯠  ९,
  稭  "⮤ 㯠".  ਬ, ⮤
㯠 `:local:' 砥,  ९਩ 室 
쭮 ⠫.  ਬ, `:local:/usr/local/cvsroot'
砥,  ९਩ 室  `/usr/local/cvsroot'
 ,  ஬ ᯮ CVS.  㣨 ⮤
㯠 ᠭ  *Note ⥢ ९ਨ::.

   ᫨ ⮤ 㯠  㪠,   ९ 
ᮤন `:',  । ⮤ `:local:'.  ᫨ 
 ᮤন `:',  । ⮤ 㯠
`:ext:'  `:server:'.  ਬ, ᫨  
९਩ 室  `/usr/local/cvsroot',   
ᯮ짮 `/usr/local/cvsroot' 
`:local:/usr/local/cvsroot'.   ᫨, ਬ, 
Windows NT   ९਩ 室 
`c:\src\cvsroot',    㪠 ⮤ 㯠, 
 `:local:c:\src\cvsroot'.

   ਩    .  `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT'
ᮤন ⨢ 䠩 CVS.   稥 ⠫
ᮤঠ 㫨, । 짮⥫.

 ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩
===========================================

    ᪮쪮 ᯮᮡ ᮮ CVS,  ᪠
९਩.      ९਩  
ப    `-d' ("directory", ⠫):

     cvs -d /usr/local/cvsroot checkout yoyodyne/tc

   㣨 ਠ⮬  ⠭ ६ 㦥
`$CVSROOT'      ९, ਬ,
`/usr/local/cvsroot'.  ⮡ ⠭ `$CVSROOT',
짮⥫ `csh'  `tcsh'    ᢮ 䠩
`~/.cshrc'  `~/.tcshrc' ⠪ ப:

     setenv CVSROOT /usr/local/cvsroot

짮⥫ `sh'  `bash'    ᢮ 䠩
`.profile'  `.bashrc' ⠪ ப

     CVSROOT=/usr/local/cvsroot
     export CVSROOT

    ९, 㪠   `-d', 㤥
ᯮ짮  㪠  ६ 㦥
`$CVSROOT'.     ࠡ  
९,   㤥 ,   
९   ( ଠ ࠭  䠩
`CVS/Root'  ࠡ祬 ⠫).

    `-d'  䠩 `CVS/Root' ८। ९਩,
  ६ 㦥 `$CVSROOT'.  ᫨
९਩,  箬 `-d', ⫨砥 
९, 㪠  䠩 `CVS/Root', ᯮ
  .  筮 ,  ࠢ쭮
㭪樮஢      㯮  
  ९਩.

  ࠭  ९ਨ
=================================

    設⢥ 砥 , __  CVS ࠭
ଠ  ९ਨ.   ⢨⥫쭮, ଠ 㦥
  , ᪮॥ ᥣ,   饬.  
  設⢥ 砥    ९
ந室 ।⢮  CVS, ⠪  
ਢ  - ࠧ襭.

   ,    室 ,  
CVS ࠭   ९ਨ, ਬ, ᫨  
᫥  ஢ 䠩,   CVS (*note
 ::)  ᫨  ॡ 
ࠢ 㯠  䠩  ९ਨ.

 ࠭ 䠩  ९ਨ
--------------------------------

     ९ --  ॢ ⠫,
ᮮ⢥饥 ⠫  ࠡ祩 .  ।,
ਬ,  ९਩ 室 

     /usr/local/cvsroot

  ॢ ⠫ ( ⮫쪮 ⠫):

     /usr
      |
      +--local
      |   |
      |   +--cvsroot
      |   |    |
      |   |    +--CVSROOT
               |      (⨢ 䠩)
               |
               +--gnu
               |   |
               |   +--diff
               |   |   (室 ⥪ GNU diff)
               |   |
               |   +--rcs
               |   |   (室 ⥪ RCS)
               |   |
               |   +--cvs
               |       (室 ⥪ CVS)
               |
               +--yoyodyne
                   |
                   +--tc
                   |    |
                   |    +--man
                   |    |
                   |    +--testing
                   |
                   +--(㣮 ணࠬ ᯥ祭  Yoyodyne)

    ⠫ 室 "䠩 ਨ"  
䠩, 室饣  ஫ ᨩ.   䠩
ਨ ⮨   ᮮ⢥饣 䠩  䨪
`,v'.    룫廊 ॢ ⠫  `yoyodyne/tc':

       `$CVSROOT'
         |
         +--yoyodyne
         |   |
         |   +--tc
         |   |   |
                 +--Makefile,v
                 +--backend.c,v
                 +--driver.c,v
                 +--frontend.c,v
                 +--parser.c,v
                 +--man
                 |    |
                 |    +--tc.1,v
                 |
                 +--testing
                      |
                      +--testpgm.t,v
                      +--test2.t,v

    ਨ ᮤন,  ᥣ 祣, 筮
ଠ樨, ⮡ ᮧ  ॢ 䠩, ୠ
 䨪஢     짮⥫,
ᤥ  .   ਨ  
"RCS-䠩", ⮬  ࢮ ணࠬ, 
ᮧ 䠩 ⮣ ଠ, 뫠 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ
RCS.   ᠭ ଠ 䠩 室  ࠭
㪮⢠ `rcsfile(5)', ࠭塞   RCS,
  䠩 `doc/RCSFILES'   室 ⥪⮢
CVS.   ଠ 䠩 ᯮ ᥬ⭮ --
⢮ 㣨 ணࠬ   襩 
஢ 䠩 ⮣ ଠ.

    RCS, ᯮ㥬  CVS, ᪮쪮 ⫨ 
⠭⭮ ଠ.  襡 ⪨ -- ᠬ 讥
⫨稥; *note 襡  ⮪::.   ⮪,
  ᯮ짮 CVS,  ⢮
,    RCS; *note ⪨::.

ࠢ 㯠  䠩
----------------------

    䠩 `,v' ᮧ  ࠢ "⮫쪮  ⥭", 
  ᫥   ࠢ 㯠.  ⠫ 
९ਨ   㯭   ⥬, 
ࠧ襭  䠩   ⠫.   筮
砥,   㦭 ᮧ 㯯 짮⥫ UNIX
(. ࠭ 㪮⢠ `group(5)'),   ,
  ᮧ ஥,  ந ९਩
⠪, ⮡  㯯 뫠 楬 ⠫  ஥⮬.

    砥,  ࠭稢   䠩 
⮫쪮  ஢ ⠫.

   ,  짮⥫   ࠢ  
 ⠫   祭 䠩, ⮬  CVS 
ᮧ 䠩 ஢ (*note  ::).

    ⠪,  짮⥫   ࠢ 
  䠩 `CVSROOT/val-tags'.  CVS ᯮ  䠩,
⮡ ᫥,  ⪨ ࠧ襭 ( 䠩 
,  ᯮ   ᮧ ⪨).

    RCS-䠩 ਭ 짮⥫, 
᫥ 䨪஢    䠩.   䠪 
⮫ ,  --   ⠫.

   CVS ⠥ ⠭  ࠢ 㯠  䠩
  ⠫,  ᮧ  ॢ,  ᫨ 
ॡ, ⮡  ⠫  ࠢ 㯠,
⫨騥   த⥫᪮ ⠫,  
  .  ᫨  ⠭ ६
㦥 `CVSUMASK',   㤥 ,  ࠢ
㯠  䠩 CVS ᯮ  ᮧ ⠫
/ 䠩  ९ਨ.  `CVSUMASK'    ࠢ
㯠  䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫; ⠪ 䠩 
ࠢ,    䠩, ࠧ  ⮫쪮 
CVS ᮧ   ࠢ ⮫쪮  ⥭ (*Note 
 室묨 ⥪⠬::. *Note  ::, 
ᠭ  `-r'; *Note ६ 㦥::,  ன
ᠭ ६ `CVSREAD').

   ,   ᯮ짮 -ࢥ୮ CVS
(*note ⥢ ९ਨ::)   ଠ쭮
ᯮᮡ ⠭ `CVSUMASK'; ⠭   ᪮
設  ࠥ ஫.  ᫨  ᮥ  
`rsh',   ⠭ `CVSUMASK'  䠩 `.bashrc'
 `.cshrc',  ᠭ  㬥樨  
樮 ⥬.      
饩 ᨨ CVS;    ,  ⠭
`CVSUMASK'  ᪮ 設  ࠥ ஫.

    ᯮ짮 ࢥ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨
(`pserver') 筮 ॡ ࠧ  ⪨ ࠢ
㯠  ⠫ `$CVSROOT'  ⠫, 室騬 
; *note ࢥ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨::.

    樮 ⥬  ।
ணࠬ 믮 樨,    믮
,  뢠  ணࠬ.  , ਬ,
 setuid  setgid  UNIX  ⠭
ࠧ  VMS.  CVS  ࠧࠡ뢠, ⮡ ᯮ짮
⠪ ,  ⮬ ⪨ ⠭ CVS ⠪
ࠧ ᯥ  ⮫쪮   砩 訡;
,    , ᬮ  ᤥ , 
ᨬ   ᫮, ᬮ  
 㤠-  CVS.    ஡
ᯮ짮 pserver.    ⠪ ᯮᮡ
ᮧ  ⢮ ᭮   ,
 祬 ,   ⠥ , ⮬
⥫쭮    ᭮ ࢥ ஫쭮
⥭䨪樨, ᫨  ᮡࠥ  ᯮ짮.
⥫쭠 ଠ  *Note ࢥ ஫쭮
⥭䨪樨::.

᪨  Windows ࠢ 㯠
---------------------------------------

    , 易  ࠢ 㯠,
ᯥ  樮 ⥬  Window (Windows
95/98, Windows NT , ᪮॥ ᥣ, 騥 
樮 ⥬.   ᪠  
ਬ  OS/2,    㢥७).

ठ
------

    ,   CVS 頥 RCS-䠩 
⠫ `Attic' ("ठ").  ਬ, ᫨ CVSROOT -- 
`/usr/local/cvsroot',   ਬ  䠩 `backend.c' 
⠫ `yoyodyne/tc',  筮  䠩 室 

     /usr/local/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/backend.c,v

   ᫨     ठ,   㤥 室 

     /usr/local/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/Attic/backend.c,v

    窨 ७ 짮⥫ , 室 䠩 
ठ  , ⠪  CVS ᠬ ᫥  ⨬  
室 뢠  ठ  ᪠ 䠩.  
砥 , ᫨    筮,  RCS-䠩 ࠭
 ठ ⮣  ⮫쪮 ⮣,   ॢ
⢮ 室  ﭨ `dead' ("⢮").  "⢮"
ﭨ 砥,  䠩  㤠    
   .  ਬ, ᫨   䠩 
,   ⢮ ॢ 㤥  "⢮"
ﭨ,  ॢ  ⪥ -- .

⠫ CVS  ९ਨ
-------------------------

   ⠫ `CVS'   ९ਨ ᮤন ଠ 
ਡ 䠩 ( 䠩 `CVS/fileattr'); ᬮ
`fileattr.h' । 室 ⥪⮢ CVS  ⥫쭮
ଠ樥.   饬  ⮬ ⠫   㣨
⥫ 䠩, ⮬ ᥣ譨 ॠ樨 
஢  䠩.

     ॠ ⮫쪮   CVS 1.7 
, *note ⨬ ᫥::.

஢  ९ਨ
------------------------

    짮⥫  ஢ CVS ᠭ 
*Note  ::.    ਥ஢ 
,  ⨫, 騥  ९ CVS, 
䫨  ⮬  㣨 ணࠬ, 騬 
⮬  ९.  ᫨  ⠥  뢠
 楯,   "஢ ⥭", "஢
"  "⢠ ஢",    
 樮 ⥬   .

     ९ਨ,   稭  `#cvs.rfl' --
 ஢ ⥭.  ,   稭 
`#cvs.wfl' --  ஢ .   ᨨ CVS (
CVS 1.5) ᮧ ⠪ 䠩  , 稭騬 
`#cvs.tfl',  ⠪ 䠩   㦤.  ⠫
`#cvs.lock' 㦨 ᭮ ஢,   । ⥬,
 ᮧ -  ஢, ᭠砫 室
ᮧ ᭮ ஢.

   ⮡ ᮧ ஢ ⥭, ᭠砫 ᮧ ⠫
`#cvs.lock'.   設⢥ 樮 ⥬ 
ᮧ ⠫  ⮬୮.  ᫨ ⪠
ᮧ 訫 㤠筮, , ᭮ ஢
㦥 , ⮬    ஡ .
᫥ 祭 ஢ `#cvs.lock' ᮧ 䠩, 
 ⮨  `#cvs.rfl',  ଠ樥  襬 롮,
ਬ,  設   .  ⮬ 㤠
⠫ `#cvs.lock', ⮡  ᭮ ஢.
   ९਩.   ⥭ 祭,
㤠 䠩 `#cvs.rfl', ⮡  ஢ ⥭.

   ⮡  ஢ , ᭠砫 ᮧ
⠫ `#cvs.lock',    砥  ஢ ⥭.
⥬ 㡥,   ९ਨ  䠩,  
稭  `#cvs.rfl'.  ᫨  , 㤠
`#cvs.lock',    ஡ ᭮.  ᫨
஢ ⥭ , ᮧ 䠩  , 騬 
`#cvs.wfl'  - ଠ樨  襬 롮,
ਬ,  設   .   㤠
஢ `#cvs.lock'.      
९਩.    祭, ᭠砫 㤠 䠩
`#cvs.wfl',  ⥬ ⠫ `#cvs.lock'.  ,  
⫨稥  䠩 `#cvs.rfl', 䠩 `#cvs.wfl'  
ଠ樮 祭;   뢠 饣
䥪,    砥 ⨣ ᯮ짮
 ஢ (`#cvs.lock').

   ,   ஢ (⥭  )
 ⢥ ⠫  ९ਨ, 
`Attic'  `CVS',    ⠫, 
।⠢ ᮡ 㣨 ⠫, 室騥 
஫ ᨩ.  ⮡ ஢ 楫 ॢ, 
᫥ ஢  ⠫ (,  ᫨ 
 ᬮ     ஢  ⮬
,  ᫥ ⬥  㦥 祭
஢, ⥬   ஡ ᭮, 
  ஢.)

    ⠪,  CVS ,    ⤥
䠩 `foo,v' ஫ ஢ .  RCS
ᯮ  ⢥ ஢ 䠩 `,foo,',  CVS 
ন ⠪ 奬, ⮬ ४
ᯮ짮 ஢ .   ਨ 
`rcs_internal_lockfile'  室  CVS,  室
⥫쭮 㦤  ⨢.

  ⠫ CVSROOT ࠭ 䠩
-------------------------------------

   ⠫ `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT' ᮤন ࠧ
⨢ 䠩.   - ᫥  ⠫
  㣮 ⠫  ९ਨ;  ᮤন
RCS-䠩,   稢  `,v',  
 CVS     ࠧ.  ,
 ᪮쪮 ࠧ稩.

     ⨢ 䠩,   
RCS-䠩, ࠭  ᫥ ॢ.  ਬ, 
RCS-䠩 `loginfo,v'  䠩 `loginfo', ᮤঠ騩 ᫥
ॢ, 室  `loginfo,v'.    䨪
⨢ 䠩, CVS  :

     cvs commit: Rebuilding administrative file database

   祭   `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT'.  ᫨
  ⠪, , - 稫  CVS (*note 訡 
CVS::).  ⮡  CVS 頫  訬 ᮡ⢥묨
䠩 筮 ⠪ ,      
⨢ 䠩 `checkoutlist'.

    㬮砭, 䠩 `modules'  ᥡ  ᠭ
.  ᫨   ⠭ 祭 訬,  ࠭ 
 ᪮ 䠩  ਢ   
㫥 (  㢥७,     ⮫  ,  
⮣,     ;   
⮢ த⢨).   ࠧ, 
।   室  CVS,  ࠭
䠩 㫥   ,   䥩 
`ndbm', ਬ, Berkeley db  GDBM.  ᫨  
ᯮ,    㫥 㤥 ࠭ 
䠩 `modules.db', `modules.pag' / `modules.dir'.

   ଠ  祭 ࠧࠧ ⨢
䠩 室  *Note ⨢ 䠩::.

  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫
======================================

     뢠 ७ ࠡ CVS,  
⠭ ,   ⠪   ⮬,  CVS
࠭  ⠫ `CVS'  ࠡ ⠫.    
砥  ९ਥ, CVS ࠡ뢠  ଠ, 
筮  頥   ।⢮  CVS.  
 , , 뢠   ࠡ
 ᮤন  ⠫, ਬ,  ᪮
窥 `jCVS'   `VC'  emacs.   ணࠬ
 ᫥ ४  ⮩ , ᫨  
ଠ쭮 ࠡ ᮢ⭮  㣨 ணࠬ,
ᯮ騬   ᠬ 䠩,  騥  ᨨ,
 ⠪  CVS, ࠡ騬   ப.

   ⠫ `CVS' ᮤন ᪮쪮 䠩.  ணࠬ,
騥  ⠫,  ஢ 䠩,
室騥  ⮬ ⠫,   㬥஢ ,
⮡   ࠧ  饬.

    ࠭  ⥪⮢ ଠ, ᮮ⢥饬
ᮣ襭 樮 ⥬.   砥, 
ࠡ稥 ⠫  ७ᨬ  ⥬  ࠧ묨
ଠ⠬ ࠭ ⥪⮢ 䠩.   ᤥ
ᯥ樠쭮, 室  ⮣,  ᠬ 䠩, 室騥 
ࠢ CVS, ⭮, ⠪  ७ᨬ  ⠪
ଠ.

`Root'
      䠩 ᮤন ⥪騩 ୥ ⠫ CVS, 
     ᠭ  *Note  ९::.

`Repository'
      䠩 ᮤন ⠫  ९ਨ, ஬
     ᮮ⢥ ⥪騩 ⠫.      
       ⭮⥫ ⥬; CVS ᯮᮡ
     ࠡ뢠  ਠ, 稭  ᨨ 1.3.
     ⭮⥫  뢠  , 
     ᯮ짮 ᮫⭮  쭮 ࠭
      ணࠬ  㬥 ࠡ뢠  ਠ.
     ਬ, ᫥ 

          cvs -d :local:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout yoyodyne/tc

     `Root' 㤥 ᮤঠ

          :local:/usr/local/cvsroot

      `Repository' 㤥 ᮤঠ 

          /usr/local/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc

     

          yoyodyne/tc

     ᫨ ࠡ稩 ⠫   ᮮ⢥饣
     ⠫  ९ਨ,  `Repository' 
     ᮤঠ `CVSROOT/Emptydir'.

`Entries'
      ⮬ 䠩 ᫥ 䠩  ⠫  ࠡ祬
     ⠫.

      ᨬ  ப 㪠뢠 ⨯ 
     ப.  ᫨ ᨬ ᯮ, ணࠬ, 
     䠩,  ᯮ ய  ப, ⮡
       ࠧ  饬.

     ᫨  ᨬ --  `/',  ଠ ப ⠪
     If the first character is `/', then the format is:

          /// [+]//  

      `['  `]'    ப,  㪠뢠,
      `+'  ⬥⪠  䫨  易⥫.  NAME --
       䠩  ⠫.   --  
     ॢ,  ன ᭮ 䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫,
      `0'   䠩,  `-',  
     ᫥  ॢ,  㤠 䠩.  
      -  ६,  CVS ᮧ  䠩; ᫨
      ६ ⫨砥  ⥪饣 ६ 䨪樨
     䠩, ,   .  ⪠ ६
     뢠  UTC ( ਭ),  ଠ,
     ᯮ㥬 㭪樥 ⠭ ISO C `asctime()'
     (ਬ, `Sun Apr 7 01:29:26 1996').   
     ⠪ ப  㣮 ଠ, ਬ, `Result of
     merge', ⮡ 㪠,  䠩 ᥣ 
      .   ப -  
     ᯥ樠 砩: ⮡ 㧭,   䠩,
     CVS   䨪樨 䠩   ࠢ
     ப  ப  .  㪠뢠,
      ந襫 䫨.  ᫨  ப ᮢ 
     ⢨⥫ ६ 䨪樨, ,
     짮⥫   ࠢ  䫨⮬.  
     ᮤঠ ਫ訥   ப (ਬ,
     `-kb'   䠩).     ᮤন
      `T',  ன ᫥  ,  `D', 
     ன ᫥ ਫ訩   .  , 
     ᫨   ᮤন  ⮪ ६,
     ࠧ ஡,   ⢥  ६,
     ,     ᨥ CVS ࠭ 1.5 (
     砩   㬥஢).

     ᫨  ᨬ  ப  䠩 `Entries' -- 
     `D',  砥 ⠫.  `D'  ⤥쭮 ப
     㪠뢠,  ணࠬ,  ᮧ 䠩
     `Entries', 㬥   ⠫ ( ,
     ᫨ ⠪ ப ,   㣨 ப,
     稭  `D', , ⠫ ).  
     ⨢ 砥 ப 룫廊 ⠪:

          D//1/2/3/4

       --   ⠫,    
      ஢,  楫  ७.
     ணࠬ, 騥 䠩 `Entries', 
     ࠭ 祭  .

     ப  䠩 `Entries'     浪.

`Entries.Log'
      ⮬ 䠩 ࠭   ᠬ ଠ,   
     䠩 `Entries',       
     ଠ  室  ९뢠
     䠩 `Entries',   ࠭
     ଠ,  ᫨ ணࠬ, ᠢ  `Entries'
      `Entries.Log' ਩ 訫.  ணࠬ,
     騥 䠩 `Entries'  ⠪ ஢
     ⢮ 䠩 `Entries.Log'.  ᫨ ᫥
     ,     䠩 `Entries' 
          䠩 `Entries.Log', ᫥
     祣 ४   䠩 `Entries' 
     㤠 䠩 `Entries.Log'. ଠ ப 䠩
     `Entries.Log' -- ᨬ쭠 ,  ன
     ᫥ ப,  ଠ `Entries'.   -- 
      `A'  㪠,  ப , 
     `R' -- ᫨ ப 㤠,   㣮 ᨬ
     -- ᫨  ப ᫥ ந஢ (
      ७).  ᫨ ன ᨬ ப  䠩
     `Entries.Log' --  ஡, , 䠩  ᮧ
     ன ᨥ CVS (  㬥).

     ணࠬ,  ,   ,  ᯮ
     ஢ `Entries.Log'.

`Entries.Backup'
      ६ 䠩.   ᯮ짮 --
       䠩 `Entries'  `Entries.Backup', ⥬
     २  (⮬୮, ᫨ ) 
     `Entries'.

`Entries.Static'
     ⢥ ,    ⮬ 䠩 --
        .  ᫨ ,  ,
      뫠 祭 ⮫쪮  ⠫  CVS  㤥
     ᮧ   ⥫ 䠩.  ⮡ 
      䠩, ᯮ  `update'  樥 `-d',
     ⮡  ⥫ 䠩  㤠
     `Entries.Static'.

`Tag'
      ⮬ 䠩 室 ਫ訥     ⮣
     ⠫.   ᨬ -- `T'   ⪨, `N'
      筮   `D'  .  㣨 ᨬ
      ஢,   ७.  
     ⨬ ᨬ ᫥   .  , 
     ਫ訥    ਬ  塞
     䠩;   ⫨    , ਫ
      ⤥ 䠩.   ଠ  ਫ 
       室  *Note  ⪨::.

`Checkin.prog'
`Update.prog'
       䠩 ࠭  ணࠬ, 
     ﬨ `-i'  `-u'  䠩 `modules', ᮮ⢥⢥.

`Notify'
      ⮬ 䠩 ࠭ 㢥 (ਬ, 
     `edit'  `unedit'),    뫮 ᫠ 
     ࢥ.   ଠ   㬥஢ .

`Notify.tmp'
      䠩  ⭮襭  䠩 `Notify'  ⥬
     ,  `Entries.Backup'  ⭮襭  `Entries'.
     ⮡ ᮧ 䠩 `Notify', ᭠砫  
      ᮤন  `Notify.tmp', ⥬ (⮬୮, ᫨
     ), २   `Notify'.

`Base'
     ᫨ ᯮ ᫥,   `edit' ࠭
     室  䠩  ⠫ `Base'.   
      `unedit' ࠡ,  ᫨  㯠 
     ࢥ.

`Baserev'
      ⮬ 䠩 ᫥ ॢ  䠩 
     ⠫ `Base'.  ଠ ⠪:

          B//

         ந஢, 
      ७.

`Baserev.tmp'
      䠩  ⭮襭  `Baserev'  ⥬ , 祬
     `Entries.Backup'  ⭮襭  `Entries'.  ⮡
     ᮧ  䠩 `Baserev', ᭠砫  
      ᮤন  `Baserev.tmp', ⥬ (⮬୮,
     ᫨ ), २   `Baserev'.

`Template'
      䠩 ᮤন 蠡,  䠩 `rcsinfo'
     (*note  rcsinfo::).   ᯮ ⮫쪮
     ⮬; --ࢥ ਠ CVS 
       `rcsinfo'.

⨢ 䠩
======================

   ⠫ `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT' ᮤন ᪮쪮
"⨢ 䠩".    ᠭ  *Note
⨢ 䠩::.   ᯮ짮 CVS   
䠩,     ࠡ, ᫨  
䠩 `modules'  ࠧ ஥.   魮, 
䠩   ,   뢠  㫨
 ९ਨ.   ਬ ⮣ 䠩:

     CVSROOT         CVSROOT
     modules         CVSROOT modules
     cvs             gnu/cvs
     rcs             gnu/rcs
     diff            gnu/diff
     tc              yoyodyne/tc

    `modules' ।⠢ ᮡ ⥪⮢ 䠩.  
⥩襬 砥  ப ᮤন  , ஡
  ⠫,  室  , ⭮⥫쭮
`$CVSROOT'.

   ப,  ।  `modules', ᯮ
,   ᠭ.   ᠭ 
㯭 ⥩ 室  *Note  modules::.

஢ ⨢ 䠩
--------------------------------------

   ⨢ 䠩  ।஢ 筮 ⠪ ,
   㣮 .  ᯮ `cvs checkout
CVSROOT', ⮡  ࠡ稩 ⠫, । 
 䨪   ࠧ.

   砥,  䨪 ⨢ 䠩 
訡.  筮  ࠢ 訡  䨪஢
 ,   ᮡ 쥧 訡 
ਢ   䨪஢ .

᪮쪮 ९ਥ
======================

    室   ९ਥ, ਬ,
᫨     㯯 ࠧࠡ稪, ࠡ 
ࠧ묨 ஥⠬,    饣 .  ,  
ॡ, ⮡ ࠡ  ᪮쪨 ९ﬨ --
㪠 室, ᯮ ६ । `CVSROOT',
 CVS `-d'  (᫨   㦥  ࠡ稩 ⠫)
 ࠡ  㬮砭  ⥬ ९ਥ,  ண
 祭 ࠡ稩 ⠫ (*note  ९::.

   쥧 २⢮ ᪮쪨 ९ਥ 
,    室  ࠧ ࢥ.  
ᯮ짮 CVS 1.10 ⢥   ࠡ
 ⠫  ࠧ ९ਥ.   
ࠧࠡ뢠 ᨩ CVS   室 ⥪
 ᪮쪨 ࢥ஢.  CVS ᠬ ࠧ  室 ॢ
⠫  ᮥﬨ  ࠧ묨 ࢥࠬ 
室.   ਬ ᮧ ࠡ祣 ⠫:

     cvs -d server1:/cvs co dir1
     cd dir1
     cvs -d server2:/root co sdir
     cvs update

    `cvs co' ᮧ ࠡ稩 ⠫,   `cvs
update' ᮥ  `server2', ⮡  ⠫
`dir1/sdir',   `server1', ⮡   ⠫쭮.

 ९
====================

   ⮡ ந CVS-९਩, ᭠砫 롥 設
 ,  ஬ 㤥 ࠭  ॢ 室
⥪⮢.  ॡ     㬥७, ⮬
 ࠪ᪨  設.  ⠫ ᠭ  *Note
ॡ  ࢥ::.

   ᫨   RCS-䠩  㣮 ⥬,
砫쭮 ᪮ ࠭⢮  業  㬬
ࠧ  䠩.   쭥襬  뢠 
஥ ࠧ 室 ⥪⮢,   㤥
࠭  ஫ ᨩ (-  
 ।,   ᫨誮 ᪮).   設 ࠧࠡ稪
ॡ ᪮ ࠭⢮  ࠡ祣 ⠫
 ࠧࠡ稪 ( ॢ   ᮪, 
ᨬ  ⮣,  祬 ࠡ⠥ ணࠬ).

    ९    (אַ   
⥢ 䠩 ⥬)   設,  
ᯮ짮 CVS  ࢥ୮  쭮 ०;
᪨ 設  ॡ  㯠  ९
஬ ⮪ CVS.  ᯮ짮 CVS  㯠 ⮫쪮
 ⥭  ࠢ ॡ ࠢ    ९਩
 ᮧ 䠩 ஢ (*note  ::).

   ⮡ ᮧ ९਩, 믮  `cvs init'.
 ᮧ ⮩ ९਩  ୥ ⠫ CVS,
  ࠧ (*note ਩::).  ਬ,

     cvs -d /usr/local/cvsroot init

   `cvs init' ᫥, ⮡  १ 㦥 騥
䠩, ⮬  ।  ᪠ `cvs init'  㦥
஥ ९  ந.

   `cvs init'  ୠ஢ ਨ; ᫨  
 ⮣, 㤠 䠩 ਨ ᫥ 믮 `cvs
init'.  *Note  history::.

ࢭ ஢ ९
=================================

     ९ਨ,  魮,   
ᮡ묨 ᢮⢠,  設⢥ 砥   
१ࢭ   筮.  , , ᪮쪮
ᯥ⮢,  室 뢠.

   -,  ࠭쭮 窨 ७, ᫥  
ᯮ짮 CVS  ६ १ࢭ ஢, 
ᤥ ⠪, ⮡ ணࠬ १ࢭ ஢
஢ ९਩  .  ⮡  ᯮ짮
CVS,      設,  
   ९, ⪫ CVS-ࢥ 
ᤥ - .  ⠫   襩
樮 ⥬   ன CVS.  ⮡
஢ CVS, ᮧ 䠩 ஢ (`#cvs.rfl') 
 ⠫ ९.  *Note  ::,
 ਢ ⥫쭠 ଠ  ஢ CVS.
 뢠 ᪠, ᫨   ᪮
䠩, 祣 ᮡ 譮  ந.  ,
 ⠭  १ࢭ  ९਩ 
室  ⮩稢 ﭨ, , 祬, 㤭
ࠢ .

     ⠭ ९਩  १ࢭ ,
।,  ९਩    ᫥
१ࢭ ஢, ࠡ稥 ⠫,  
ࠤ,  뫠  ॢ,  騥
  ९ਨ.  ⪠ 믮 CVS  ⠪
⠫ ਢ  ᮮ饭  訡.    ᯮᮡ
    ९਩ ⠪:

   *   ࠡ稩 ⠫.

   *  䠩  ࠡ祣 ⠫, ᤥ
     । ਥ,  䠩   ࠡ祬 ⠫
     (  ᮤন ⠫ `CVS').

   *    ࠡ祬 ⠫, ᯮ 
     ⨯ `cvs update'  `cvs diff', ⮡ ᭨, 
     ,  ⥬ 䨪  
     ९਩.

६饭 ९
=======================

   筮 ⠪ ,    砥  १ࢭ ஢
䠩, ६饭 ९     ᢮ 
६饭  䠩.

   ᭮ ,  㦭 뢠 --  , 
ࠡ稥 ⠫ 뫠  ९਩.   ⮩
ᯮᮡ ࠢ  ⨬ --  ᢥ ࠡ稩 ⠫
᫥ ६饭.  筮,  ᫥ ᭠砫 㡥,
  ࠡ稩 ⠫  䨪஢ ।
६饭,   㢥७,    ᢮
.  ᫨  ⢨⥫쭮  ᯮ짮 㦥
騩 ࠡ稩 ⠫,     
ࣨ᪮ ⥫⢠  䠩 `CVS/Repository'.
*Note ࠭ 䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫::,  ਢ
⥫쭠 ଠ  䠩 `CVS/Repository' 
`CVS/Root',  ᫨   㢥७, , ୮,  
.

⥢ ९ਨ
===================

     室 ⥪⮢  ९਩  
 ࠧ 設.  ᯮ짮 CVS ⠪ ࠧ
⭮  ० "/ࢥ".   믮
CVS-""  設,  ன ᬮ஢  ࠡ稩
⠫,      設,  ன
ᬮ஢ ९਩,  CVS-"ࢥ஬".  
ᯮ짮 ⥢ ९ 宦  ᯮ짮
쭮, ⮫쪮 ଠ  ९ ⠪:

     ::@:///

   ⠫   ⮣,   ᮥ  ࢥ஬.

   ᫨   㪠,   ९ ᮤন `:', 
⮤  㬮砭 -- `ext'  `server',  ᨬ 
;  ⮤ ᠭ  *Note   
rsh::.

ॡ  ࢥ
--------------------

   ⮩ ⢥: ॡ  ࢥ 㬥७ -- ᫨
ॢ ⠫  祭 讥,  ⨢  ᫨誮
᮪,   設  32Mb    .

    ॠ쭮 , 筮,  ᫮.  業 
ᯮ짮  筠, ⮡ 業 騥
ॡ.   㬥஢  ⠪ 
ᨬ쭮 ॡ ;  ⠫ 
ࠢ   ⥫ (᫨  㦨,  
 ⠪,   ,  ᠭ  *Note 訡 
CVS::, ⮡   㬥.

   ࢠ  讣 ॡ  -- 祭
 ࠡ ⠫.  ࢥ ⮨  
ᮢ   㦨 .  ॡ
 ୨ ᮬ   .
⥫᪨  , ᮡ  ⥢ ᮥ
,    ࠧ஢,   ࠧ
室 ⮢,    , ᬮ  .

    ࠧ  CVS-ࢥ  ⢮
⮢,    ६,  業
ॡ㥬 ࠧ   ࢥ.   襩 
, ॡ塞 த⥫᪨ ᮬ, 㤥
室  䠩 窨,    䨧᪮ .

     讣 ॡ  -- `diff' 
䨪஢    䠩.   ॡ
   䠩.   ।ᬮ
ᯮ짮 ਬ୮ ⨪⭮ ࠧ ᠬ
讣 䠩,  ⮫쪮 㤥 䨪஢, 
⨪ ࠧ 㤥  ⥭.  ਬ, ᫨
  䨪஢ 䠩 ࠧ஬   ,  
設,  ன 믮 䨪஢ (ࢥ 
쭠 設,  ன 室 ९਩), 
  .  ॥ ᥣ,  㤥 䠩 窨,
  䨧᪠ .      ॡ 
த⥫쭮 ६,  ᮡ 㦤 뤥 
 ᪮쪮 ६ 䨪஢ .

   ॡ ᮢ  ᪮ 設  
㬥७ --  設, ᯮᮡ 믮
ᮮ⢥ 樮 ⥬, 㤥 ਣ.

   ଠ  ॡ  ᪮ ࠭
室  *Note  ९::.

   `rsh'
--------------------------

   CVS ᯮ ⮪ `rsh'  ࠡ  ⥢
९ਥ, ⮬  ⥢ 設   ᮧ
䠩 `.rhosts', 騩   짮⥫.

   ਬ, ।,   짮⥫ `mozart' 
쭮 設 `toe.example.com',  ࢥ 室 
`faun.example.com'.   設 `faun'   䠩
`.rhosts'  譥 ⠫ 짮⥫ `bach' ᫥饥:

     toe.example.com  mozart

   ⮬ ,  `rsh' ࠡ⠥, ⨢

     rsh -l bach faun.example.org 'echo $PATH'

   ⥬  ᫥ 㡥,  `rsh'  ࢥ.
,  , ⠭  १ 믮
⮣ ਬ ᮤন ⠫, ᮤঠ騩 ᯮ塞 䠩
`cvs',   ࢥ୮ ᨥ CVS.   
⠭   `.bashrc', `.cshrc',  . .,   
䠩 `.login'  `.profile'.   ⠪ ⠭
६ । `CVS_SERVER'  ᪮ 設, ⮡
㪠,  ᯮ塞 䠩   ᯮ짮,
ਬ, `/usr/local/bin/cvs-1.6'.

    ॡ ।஢ `inetd.conf', ⮡ 
CVS  .

     ᯮ짮  `CVSROOT'  ⮤ 㯠 
`rsh'.  `:server:'  ᯮ짮 ७ 
`rsh',  ন ⮫쪮   
CVS.  `:ext:' 㪠뢠  ணࠬ `rsh'.  
㬮砭  `rsh',    ⠭ ६
। `CVS_RSH', ⮡ 믮  ணࠬ, 
 ᮥ  ࢥ஬ (ਬ, `remsh'  HP-UX 9,
⮬  `rsh'  ⫨砥.   ணࠬ 
㬥 뫠   ࢥ   ࢥ,  
; ਬ, `rsh'  Windows NT  室, ⮬ 
 ࠭᫨ CR-LF  LF.   CVS  OS/2 ᮤন ,
 । `rsh' ࠬ `-b', ⮡  ,
⠪    ਢ  ஡  ணࠬ, 
騬 ⠭ `rsh',     
饬.  ᫨  ⠭ `CVS_RSH'  `ssh' 
-   `rsh',  樨  ன
`.rhosts', ᪮॥ ᥣ, ਬ, ⮬  
㬥樨  ᮮ⢥饩 ணࠬ.

   த  ਬ, ।,   
   `foo'  ९ਨ
`/usr/local/cvsroot'  設 `faun.example.org', 
ࠥ:

     cvs -d :ext:bach@faun.example.org:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout foo

   (   `bach@', ᫨  짮⥫
ᮢ  쭮  ⥢ 設.)

אַ ᮥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥
---------------------------------------------

    CVS ⠪  ᮥ  ࢥ஬, ᯮ
⮪  ஫.   ᮡ , 
ᯮ짮 `rsh' ⢨, (ਬ, ᫨ ࢥ
室  䠩ࢮ),  Kerberos ⠪ 㯥.

   ⮡ ᯮ짮  ⮤, 室 
ன  ࢥ, ⠪  ⮢.

ன ࢥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨
..............................................

   -, , ⭮,  ᨫ ࠢ 㯠 
⠫ `$CVSROOT'  `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT'.  *Note ஫쭠
⥭䨪::,  ᠭ ⠫.

    ஭ ࢥ ᫥ ।஢ 䠩
`/etc/inetd.conf', ⮡ `inetd' ,  ᫥
믮  `cvs pserver',  - ⠥
ᮥ  ᮮ⢥騬 ⮬.   㬮砭 
 -- 2401;  祭  , ᫨ ।
樥 ⠭ ࠬ `CVS_AUTH_PORT'  㣮
祭.

   ᫨  `inetd'  ᯮ짮 ஢ ⮢ 
`/etc/inetd.conf',   ᯮ짮 ⠪ ப
(ଠ஢, ⮡   ࠭):

     2401  stream  tcp  nowait  root  /usr/local/bin/cvs cvs -f
     --allow-root=/usr/cvsroot pserver

     ⠪ ᯮ짮   ப `-T',
⮡ 㪠 ६ ⠫.

     ப `--allow-root'  ࠧ襭
⠫ CVSROOT.  , 騥 ᯮ짮 㣮
⠫,  ᬮ ᮥ.  ᫨   ࠧ
  ᪮쪨 ⠫ CVSROOT,   .

   ᫨  `inetd' ॡ ⥪⮢  ࢨᮢ 
஢ ⮢,     `/etc/services':

     cvspserver      2401/tcp

     `cvspserver'  `2401'  䠩
`/etc/inetd.conf'.

   ᫥ ᥣ ⮣ १ `inetd'  ⠢ 
 䠩 䨣樨.   砥 ஡ 
ன ᬮ *Note ::.

      ࠭  뫠 ஫ ࠪ᪨
 ⮬ (*Note ஫쭠 ⥭䨪::, 
ᠭ ⠫),   ᯮ짮 ⤥ 䠩
஫  CVS, ⮡ 짮⥫  뢠 ᢮
 ஫  㯥  ९.   䠩 --
`$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd' (*note  
⨢ 䠩::).   ⮬ 䠩 ᯮ
 ଠ ப, ࠧ ﬨ, ⨯ ⮣,
 ᯮ  䠩 `/etc/passwd'  Unix-⥬.  
⮬ 䠩 ᪮쪮 :  짮⥫ CVS,
易⥫ ஫  易⥫쭮  ⥬
짮⥫,  ࠢ ண 㤥 ࠡ CVS ᫥
ᯥ譮 ⥭䨪樨.   ਬ 䠩 `passwd', 
஬ 室  ப:

     anonymous:
     bach:ULtgRLXo7NRxs
     spwang:1sOp854gDF3DY
     melissa:tGX1fS8sun6rY:pubcvs
     qproj:XR4EZcEs0szik:pubcvs

   (஫  ⠭⭮ 㭪樥 UNIX `crypt()',
⮬   ७ ஫  筮 䠩
`/etc/passwd'.

   ࢠ ப  ⮬ ਬ ।⠢  
CVS-, 饬 ⥭஢  
`anonymous'   ஫,  ⮩ ஫.  (
筮 襭  設, ।⠢  
⮫쪮  ⥭; ଠ  ।⠢ 㯠
⮫쪮  ⥭ 室  *Note  ⮫쪮 
⥭::.

      ப ।⠢  짮⥫
`bach'  `spwang', ᫨   ᮮ⢥騩 ஫.

   ⢥ ப ।⠢  짮⥫
`melissa', ᫨   ࠢ ஫.   ⮬ ᠬ
ࢥୠ ணࠬ CVS  ᠬ  믮  ࠢ
⥬ 짮⥫ `pubcvs'.   ࠧ,  ⥬
 ॡ  짮⥫ `melissa', 
_易⥫쭮_   짮⥫ `pubcvs'.

    ப ,  ⥬ 짮⥫
 ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮:  , 
ᯥ譮 ⥭  `qproj', 㤥 ࠡ 
ࠢ ⥬ 짮⥫ `pubcvs', ⠪ ,  
`melissa'.   ࠧ,   ᮧ ⢥
饣 ⥬ 짮⥫   ஥  襬
९ਨ,  ।⠢  ࠧࠡ稪 ᢮
ᮡ⢥ ப  䠩 `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd'.  
CVS-짮⥫   ப 㤥 ࠧ,  
⥬ 짮⥫ 㤥   ⥬ .  稭, 
ன 㦭  ࠧ  짮⥫ CVS  ⮬,
  ⢨ CVS  ୠ஢  ⨬
:  `melissa' 䨪   ஥, 
䨪 뢠   ஥  
`melissa',   `pubcvs'.  稭,  ன ᫥
 筮 ⥬ 짮⥫  ⮬,  
ᬮ  ࠢ 㯠  ᮮ⢥騬 ⠫
९ ⠪,  ⮫쪮  ⥬ 짮⥫
㤥  ࠢ  .

   ᫨  ப    ⥬
짮⥫,    CVS 믮  ࠢ
⮣ 짮⥫;  ᫨ ⥬   ,  CVS
   짮⥫ CVS  ⢥ 
⥬ 짮⥫,  ࠡ⠥   ࠢ.   
砥, ᫨  ⥬  ⠪ 짮⥫, 
CVS-ࢥ ⪠ ࠡ,  ᫨  ᪠
ࠢ ஫.

   ஫   ⥬ 짮⥫  ⢮
( ⢨ ᫥  ᫥  稥,
஥ 㦨 ࠧ⥫ ).  ਬ, 䠩
`$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd'  룫拉 ⠪:

     anonymous::pubcvs
     fish:rKa5jzULzmhOo:kfogel
     sussman:1sOp854gDF3DY

    ஫ ய饭  ⮩,  ⥭䨪
ந ᯥ譮   ஫,   ப.
, 稥 ᫥  짮⥫ CVS ᥣ
易⥫쭮,  ᫨ ஫ .

   CVS ⠪  ᯮ짮 ⠭ ⥬
⥭䨪.   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨 ࢥ ᭠砫
஢ 稥 짮⥫  䠩
`$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/passwd'.  ᫨ 짮⥫ 㦥 
⮬ 䠩,  ᮮ⢥ ப 㤥 ᯮ짮 
⥭䨪樨,  ᠭ .  ᫨  짮⥫ 
,  䠩 `passwd'  ,  ࢥ ⠥
⥭஢ 짮⥫   ⥬ 楤
( "१ࢭ"    饭, ⠭
`SystemAuth=no'  䠩 `config', *note  config::).
, ,  ᯮ짮 ⥬ ⥭䨪樨
 㢥  襭 ᭮: 樨 CVS
 ⥭஢   ஫, 
㤥 ।    ⥪⮢ .  . *Note
᭮ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨::,  ᠭ ⠫.

    饥 ६ ⢥ ᯮᮡ  ஫ 
`CVSROOT/passwd' --  १  㤠- .
-   `cvs passwd'.

    ⫨稥  設⢠ 䠩  `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT',
筮 ࠪ⨪ ।஢ 䠩 `passwd' אַ 
९ਨ,  ᯮ짮 CVS.   - ᪠
᭮, 易  祭 ⮣ 䠩 
- ࠡ .  ᫨  , ⮡ 䠩
`passwd'    ⠫묨 䠩 
`$CVSROOT/CVSROOT', . *Note ⠫ CVSROOT::.

ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥
.................................................

    ⮣, ⮡ 믮  CVS  ⥢
९ਨ   ࢥ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨,
㦭  ⮪ `pserver',  짮⥫, 設,
 ன 室 ९਩,    ९.
ਬ:

     cvs -d :pserver:bach@faun.example.org:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout someproj

   

     CVSROOT=:pserver:bach@faun.example.org:/usr/local/cvsroot
     cvs checkout someproj

   , ᫨ ⮫쪮   ࠡ⠥  㡫
९ਥ (  ⠪,   ।
짮⥫  ॡ ᯮ짮 ஫),  ᭠砫
ॡ "  ⥬".   室  ⥬
஢  ஫.   ந室  믮
 `login',  訢   ஫:

     cvs -d :pserver:bach@faun.example.org:/usr/local/cvsroot login
     CVS password: _

   ᫥ ⮣,    ஫, CVS ஢ 
஫  ࢥ.  ᫨ १ ⥫, 
  짮⥫, 設,   ९ 
஫ ࠭  ᯥ樠쭮 䠩, ⮡ 
쭥襩 ࠡ  ⨬ ९ਥ    ॡ
᪠ `cvs login'.  (᫨ १ ஢ન
⥫, CVS ,  ஫ ७, ,
⢥,   㤥 ࠭.)

   ஫ 筮 ࠭  䠩 `$HOME/.cvspass'.  
䠩   , ,  - ⥯, 
।஢ 㪠.  , 祬,  ஫ 
࠭  ᮢᥬ ⮬ :  ਢ쭮
஢, ⮡   ﭭ ᬠਢ
(ਬ, ⥬ ஬  - 㣨,
 ஥ ࠦ).

     ᯮ ⮣ 䠩 , ⠭
६ 㦥 `CVS_PASSFILE'.   ᯮ짮 ⮩
६   ⠭  _।_ ᯮ짮
`cvs login'.  ᫨  ⮣  ᤥ,  ᫥騥
 CVS  ᬮ  ஫  ࠢ  ࢥ.

   ᫥ ⮣,   諨  ⥬,   CVS,
ᯮ騥  ⥢ ९਩   짮⥫,
ᬮ ⥭஢, ᯮ  ࠭
஫.  ⮬, ਬ:

     cvs -d :pserver:bach@faun.example.org:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout foo

   㤥 ࠡ  ⥫ ᮢ (᫨ ⮫쪮
஫    ࢥ,  ⮬ 砥  㦭
 ࠧ 믮 `cvs login').

   ,  ᫨   `:pserver:'  
९,  CVS 㤥 ,   ᮡࠥ
ᯮ짮 `rsh' (*note    rsh::).

   筮 , ᫥ ⮣,    ࠡ ,
     ९  ࠡ  ,
⮬  CVS   ᠬ     ⠫
`CVS/'.

   ஫  । ⥢ ९ 
㤠  䠩 ஫    `cvs logout'.

 ᭮  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨
.................................................

   ஫ ࠭  ஭  ਢ쭮
஢  ⥪⮬  । 筮 ⠪ .
 ஢ ᯮ ⮫쪮  ।饭
ﭭ ᬠਢ ஫ (ਬ, ⥬
, 砩 訩  䠩)  
।頥  ᠬ ਢ ⠪.

   ⤥ 䠩 ஫ CVS (*note ࢥ ஫쭮
⥭䨪樨::)  ᯮ짮  㯠 
९ ஫, ⫨騩  ஫  㯠 
設.   㣮 ஭, ᫨ 짮⥫ 稫 
 ९  ⥭  ,   ࠧ묨
ᯮᮡ 믮 ணࠬ  ࢥ.   ࠧ,
  ९ 砥 ⠪ 쭮 ப
 㣮 㯠  ⥬.   뫮 
஢ CVS, ⮡ । ,    
 ⮣  ᤥ.   ⮣,   㣨
ᯮᮡ, 묨 , 騥   ९,
   ⥬;   ந ⥫쭮
㤨.

   ,  - ⮣,  ⠫ `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT'
ᮤন `passwd'  稥 䠩, ᯮ騥  楫
᭮, 㦭 ᫥  ࠢ 㯠  ⮬
⠫ ⠪  ,   ࠢ 㯠  `/etc'.
  ᠬ ਬ  ᠬ ⠫ `$CVSROOT'  
⠫, 室饬  .   㣮, 稢  
   ⠫, ᬮ   짮⥫ 
⥬.  ,   ࠢ 㯠 筮 ஦ 
ᯮ짮 pserver.

   , ,  砥 ஫, 砥  
९, ,  ன ⥯,   ᠬ
⥬.  ஫ 㯥 ᥬ,   墠
⥢    饭 (ਭ騩
짮⥫) 䠩.  ᫨   饩 ᭮,
ᯮ Kerberos.

אַ ᮥ  ᯮ짮 GSSAPI
-----------------------------------------

   GSSAPI --  騩 䥩  ⥬ ⥢
᭮, ⠪  Kerberos 5.

   ᫨    ࠡ ⥪ GSSAPI,   CVS
 ᮢ TCP-ᮥ  ࢥ஬, ⥭
  GSSAPI.   ⮣ CVS 㦭 ᪮஢ 
প GSSAPI;  䨣஢ CVS ⠥
।,    ⥬ ⥪ GSSAPI,
ᯮ騥 Kerberos ᨨ 5.   ⠪  
`configure' 䫠 `--with-gssapi'.

    ⥭, ᯮ GSSAPI,  ᠬ
⮪  __ ⥭  㬮砭.   
ᯮ짮    ப `-a', ⮡
 ⥭䨪 ⮪.

   ।   㬮砭 __ .  
ࢥ, ⠪     ᪮஢  প
஢; ᯮ   ப `configure'
`--enable-encrypt'.   祭 ஢ ᯮ
  ப `-x'.

    GSSAPI ࠡ뢠  ஭ ࢥ ⥬
 ࢥ஬,  ந ஫ ⥭䨪;
ᬮ *Note ࢥ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨::.  ᫨ 
ᯮ, ਬ, Kerberos, ᯥ稢騩 
⥭䨪, , ⭮,  ⠪ ࠭
 ⥭஢  ᯮ짮 ஫
 ⥪⮬.   ⮣ ᮧ ⮩ 䠩
`CVSROOT/passwd'   `SystemAuth=no'  䠩
䨣樨 `config'.

   ࢥ GSSAPI ᯮ principal name cvs/-,
 - --  ᪮  ࢥ.  
ॡ ந  堭 GSSAPI.

    ᮥ  ᯮ짮 GSSAPI, ᯮ
`:gserver:'.  ਬ,

     cvs -d :gserver:faun.example.org:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout foo

אַ ᮥ   Kerberos
------------------------------------

    ⮩ ᯮᮡ ᯮ짮 Kerberos -- 
kerberos `rsh',  ᠭ  *Note   
rsh::.  ᭮ ⮪ ᯮ짮 rsh -- , 
   室 ᪢ ⥫
ணࠬ,   ࠡ.  ⮬ ᫨  
⠭ Kerberos,  ᫥ ᯮ짮 
TCP-ᮥ, ⥭   Kerberos.

     ⭮  ⥬ Kerberos ᨨ 4.
Kerberos ᨨ 5 ন ।⢮ 饣
䥩 ⥢ ᭮ GSSAPI,  ᠭ 
।饩 .

   CVS   ᪮஢  প kerberos; 
䨣஢ CVS ⠥ ।,  
Kerberos   設.    ⠪
ᯮ짮   ப `configure'
`--with-krb4'.

   뫠   㬮砭 __ .  
, ⠪  ࢥ   ᪮஢ 
ᯮ짮 ஢; ᯮ  
ப `configure' `--enable-encryption'.   祭
஢ ᯮ    ப
`-x'.

    ࢥ ॡ ।஢ `/etc/inetd.conf',
⮡  `cvs kserver'.    㬮砭
ᯮ  1999; ᫨   ᯮ짮 㣮
,    ᪮ 設  ६
㦥 `CVS_CLIENT_PORT'.

      ᯮ짮 CVS, ᭠砫,  筮,
  (`kinit');     
ॣ஢  ࢥ.  ⥬

     cvs -d :kserver:faun.example.org:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout foo

   ।騥 ᨨ CVS   砥 㤠 ᯮ짮
ᮥ   `rsh'; ⥪騥 ᨨ ⠪  .

ᯮ짮 ࠫ쭮 `cvs server'  ᮥ
-------------------------------------------------------

    ⮤ 㯠   ᮥ 
९ਥ, 室騬  쭮 ᪥, ᯮ
⥢ ⮪.  㣨 ᫮,     ᠬ,
  `:local:',   ⮬  ᮡﬨ  訡,
騬  ⥢,   쭮 CVS.

     権 , ᪮॥ ᥣ, ।
`:local:'  `:fork:',  ᨬ  
।⥭.  筮, `:fork:' ᮡ  
஢  ⫠ `cvs'  ⥢ ⮪.  筥,
 塞  室 ன , ⠩⮢,
஡  ⥭䨪樥, ᢮⢥ ⥢ 㯠,
  ⮬ 㥬 ᮡ⢥ ⥢ ⮪.

   ⮡ ᮥ, ᯮ ⮤ 㯠 `:fork:',
    쭮 ९, ਬ:

     cvs -d :fork:/usr/local/cvsroot checkout foo

      ᯮ짮 `:ext:', ࢥ  㬮砭
뢠 `cvs'.  ᫨ ⠭ ६ 㦥
`CVS_SERVER', ᯮ  祭.

  ९ ⮫쪮  ⥭
======================================

     ।⠢ 㡫  
९ ⮫쪮  ⥭, ᯮ ࢥ ஫쭮
⥭䨪樨 (*note ஫쭠 ⥭䨪::).  (稥
⮤ 㯠    প  㯠 ⮫쪮
 ⥭, ⮬    ⮤ ࠧ㬥
ॣ  設  ९ਥ,  ⮬
짮⥫   ,    ࠢ
㯠  䠩.)

   짮⥫, 騩   ९ ⮫쪮 
⥭,  믮   CVS,  騥
९਩,  ᪫祭 । "⨢"
䠩 (⠪,  䠩 ஢  䠩 ਨ).  
ॡ ᯮ짮   ᮢ⭮ 
 ᯮ짮 ᥢ 짮⥫ (*note
ࢥ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨::).

    ⫨稥  । ᨩ CVS, 짮⥫ 
㯮 ⮫쪮  ⥭   ᯮᮡ ⮫쪮
 ९਩,   믮 ணࠬ  ࢥ
 㣨 ᯮᮡ  㦭 ஢ 㯠.
 筥,   _࠭ _  
᭮.        
 ࣠ 뢠饬  ᭮, 
 ⢮  ᨬ쭮 室 ஦.

     ᯮᮡ 㪠  짮⥫ ⮫쪮 
⥭: 騩  ᪫騩.

   "騩" ᯮᮡ 砥,  짮⥫ 
㪠뢠  䠩 `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/readers',  ஬
  " ⮫" 짮⥫.   ਬ:

     melissa
     splotnik
     jrandom

   (  ᨬ  ப   䠩.)

   "᪫騩" ᯮᮡ 砥,  ,   
 ९ _ _,   䠩
`$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/writers'.  ᫨  䠩 , 
 짮⥫,  㯮  ,  
⮫쪮  ⥭ (筮,  짮⥫ ⮫쪮 
⥭   㯮  䠩 `CVSROOT/passwd').
 `writers'    ଠ,   䠩 `readers'.

   砭: ᫨  䠩 `CVSROOT/passwd' ⮡ࠦ
짮⥫ CVS  ⥬ 짮⥫ (*note ࢥ
஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨::), 㡥,  
।⠢   ।⠢  ⮫쪮 
⥭ 짮⥫ CVS,   ⥬ 짮⥫.
 砥,   䠩 `readers'  `writers' 
室 짮⥫ CVS,    ᮢ 
⥬묨 짮⥫ﬨ.

     ᠭ  ࢥ, ਭ饬
襭,  ⨯ 㯠 ।⠢:

   ᫨ 䠩 `readers' ,   짮⥫ 
㯮  ,  砥  ⮫쪮  ⥭.  ᫨
 䠩 `writers',   짮⥫  㯮 
,   ⠪ 砥  ⮫쪮  ⥭ ( ⠪
 ᫨ 䠩 `readers' ,  짮⥫ 
㯮  ).   ⨢ 砥 짮⥫ 砥
   ⥭  .

   筮,  䫨, ᫨ 짮⥫ 㯮 
 䠩.   䫨 ࠧ蠥 ࢠ⨢ 
⠪ 짮⥫ 砥  ⮫쪮  ⥭.

६ ⠫  ࢥ
=============================

     ࠡ CVS-ࢥ ᮧ ६ ⠫.
 뢠

     cvs-servPID

 PID --    ࢥ.   室 
⠫, 㪠  ६ 㦥 `TMPDIR' (*note
६ 㦥::), 箬  ப `-T'  
`/tmp'  㬮砭.

    設⢥ 砥 ࢥ ᠬ 㤠 ६
⠫   ࠡ.     ࢥ 
,  㤠 ᢮ ६ ⠫, ਬ:

   * ᫨ ࢥ ਩ 蠥 - ७
     訡,   ⠢ ६ ⠫, ⮡
      ⫠;

   * ᫨ ࢥ  㡨 ⠪,   ᬮ   ᮡ
     (ਬ, `kill -KILL'  UNIX);

   * ⥬ ४頥 ᢮ ࠡ,  ᮮ騢
     ।⥫쭮 ࢥ  ⮬ 䠪.

    ⠪     㤠 ⠫
`cvs-servPID'.  ᫨  ࢥ  ஬  PID, 
ᤥ   ᮢ襭 ᭮.

稭 ஥  CVS
***********************

     २ 䠩  ६饭  
⠫ ᫥ 㤮, ࢮ,   ᫥
ᤥ,   稭  ஥ -- த㬠
࣠ 䠩.  ⢥, ६ 
२뢠 䠩 ,  , -, 㢥稢
 ,  -,  CVS 
 , ਬ,  २
⠫.  *Note ६饭 䠩::.

   쭥訥 ⢨   ⭮ 樨.

饭 䠩  ९਩
==============================

    蠣 㤥 ᮧ 䠩  ९ਨ.  
  ᤥ ᪮쪨 ࠧ묨 ᯮᮡ.

 ॢ ⠫  ᪮쪨 䠩
----------------------------------------------

     筥 ᯮ짮 CVS, , ᪮॥ ᥣ, 㦥
 ᪮쪮 ஥⮢,    
஫ CVS.     ᠬ  ⮤ 㤥
ᯮ짮  `import'.    ᭥,
⭮, 㤥 ਢ ਬ.  ᫨ 䠩,  
   CVS, 室  `WDIR',   ,
⮡    ९ਨ  ⠫
`$CVSROOT/yoyodyne/RDIR',   ᪠:

     $ cd WDIR
     $ cvs import -m "Imported sources" yoyodyne/RDIR yoyo start

   ᫨   㪠 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭   
 ப `-m',  CVS  ।,  ஬
 㤥   ᮮ饭.  ப `yoyo' -- 
" ந⥫",  `start' --  " ५".  
 ⥪     祭,  CVS
ॡ  ⢨.  *Note   室묨
⥪⠬::,  쭥襩 ଠ樥.

      ஢,   ࠡ⠥  㤠
 室 ⠫.

     $ cd ..
     $ mv DIR DIR.orig
     $ cvs checkout yoyodyne/DIR       # ᭥ ᫥
     $ diff -r DIR.orig yoyodyne/DIR
     $ rm -r DIR.orig

뫮   㤠 砫 䠩, ⮡ 砩 
 ।஢   DIR  ᯮ짮 CVS.
筮 , । 㤠  뫮  㡥,  
  १ࢭ  室 ⥪⮢.

    `checkout' 砥  ⢥ 㬥 
 (  । ਬ)   ⠫
⭮⥫쭮 `$CVSROOT',   襯ਢ ਬ.

    뫮  ஢,  ࠢ 㯠  ᮧ
CVS ⠫ ࠢ,    ⠫ ਭ
 㯯.  *Note ࠢ 㯠  䠩::.

   ᫨ -  䠩,  㦭 ஢,
 묨,  ॡ ᯮ짮 "⪨",
⮡ 㪠,  .  *Note ⪨::.

 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ
------------------------------------------------

   ᫨    ஥,  㦨 㣮
⥬ ஫ ᨩ, ਬ, RCS,   
  䠩  ࠢ CVS  ࠭ 
  䠩.

 RCS
     ᫨  ᯮ짮 RCS,   RCS-䠩, 筮
     䠩 `foo.c' 㤥 ᮮ⢥⢮ 䠩 `RCS/foo.c,v'
     ( 䠩  ⠪ 室  㣮 ,
       㬥樨  RCS.  ⥬ ᮧ
     ᮮ⢥騥 ⠫  CVS, ᫨   
     .  ⥬ ᪮ 䠩  ᮮ⢥騥
     ⠫  ९ਨ (  ९ਨ 
     ᮢ   室 䠩   `,v';
     䠩 室 אַ  ᮮ⢥饬 ⠫
     ९,    ⠫ `RCS/'.   -- 
      । 砥,  ⥫ אַ  
     ९,  ᯮ짮  CVS.   
        ࠡ稩 ⠫.

     RCS-䠩    ஢,  
     ६頥   ࠢ CVS,   CVS 
     ஡  ࠡ  ⨬ 䠩.

 㣮 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ
      ⥬ ஫ ᨩ ᯮᮡ ᯮ஢
     RCS-䠩  ⠭⭮ ଠ.  ᫨  ⥬
     㬥 ⠪ , ᯮ RCS-䠩  ᫥
     襯ਢ .

     ᫨   ⠪, ⭮, 訬 室 㤥
      ਯ,    ॢ
     䠩, ᯮ 䥩  ப ன
     ⥬,  ⥬ 䨪騩  ॢ  CVS.
     ਯ `sccs2rcs', 㯮 ,  訬
     ਬ஬.

 SCCS
      ⠫ `contrib/' । 室 ⥪⮢ CVS 
     ਯ `sccs2rcs', 騩 䠩 SCCS  䠩
     RCS.  砭:   믮  ਯ 
     設,  ன ⠭  SCCS, ⠪  RCS, 
      ਯ  ন.

 PVCS
      ⠫ `contrib/' । 室 ⥪⮢ CVS 
     ਯ `pvcs_to_rcs', 騩 娢 PVCS 
     䠩 RCS.    믮  ਯ  設,
      ன ⠭  PVCS, ⠪  RCS,    
     祥  ⠫ `contrib/',  ਯ 
     ন.  ⠫ ᠭ   
     ਯ.

 ॢ ⠫  
--------------------------------

     ஥ ᠬ  ᯮᮡ, ⭮,
㤥 ᮧ   ⠫, ਬ:

     $ mkdir tc
     $ mkdir tc/man
     $ mkdir tc/testing

   ⥬ ᯮ  `import', ⮡ ᮧ
ᮮ⢥ ()  ⠫ 
९:

     $ cd tc
     $ cvs import -m "Created directory structure" yoyodyne/DIR yoyo start

   ⥬ ᯮ  `add', ⮡  䠩 
 ⠫    .

   ,  ࠢ 㯠,  CVS  
⠫  `$CVSROOT', ࠢ.

। 
==================

   騬 蠣 㤥 ।   䠩
`modules'.   易⥫쭮,  㫨 㤮 
㯯஢ 易 䠩  ⠫.

      ᫥ 蠣 筮 
। .

  1.  ࠡ  䠩 `modules':

          $ cvs checkout CVSROOT/modules
          $ cd CVSROOT

  2. ।  䠩, ⠢   ப,
     । .  . *Note  
     ⨢ 䠩::.   ᠭ 䠩
     `modules'    *Note  modules::.
     ਬ,  ᠭ  `tc'  ᯮ짮
     ⠪ ப:

          tc   yoyodyne/tc

  3. 䨪    䠩 `modules'

          $ cvs commit -m "Added the tc module." modules

  4. ᢮  `CVSROOT'.

          $ cd ..
          $ cvs release -d CVSROOT


*******

    設⢥ 砥 ᯮ짮 CVS  ॡ
ᨫ쭮 ᯮ   ॢ; CVS ᢠ
 ⨯ `1.1', `1.2'  . .,  ⮣ 筮.
, , ⥫    ଠ樨 
 ஫஢ ,  CVS ᢠ  ॢ.

   ᫨ 室 ᫥  ॢ, ᮤঠ
  䠩, ਬ, ॢ, 訥 
  ணࠬ, ᯮ "⪨", . .
㪢  ॢ,   ᢮ 
 ॢ 䠩.

 ॢ
==============

    ॢ 䠩  㭨 " ॢ".
 ॢ 룫  `1.1', `1.2', `1.3.2.2' 
 `1.3.2.2.4.5'.   ॢ ᥣ ᮤন ⭮
⢮  ᥫ, ࠧ 窮.  
㬮砭 ॢ 1.1 -- ࢠ ॢ 䠩.   
 ᫥饩 ॢ ᠬ ࠢ  㢥稢 
.   ਬ ᪮쪨 ॢ,  ᨨ
室 ࠢ :

            +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
            ! 1.1 !----! 1.2 !----! 1.3 !----! 1.4 !----! 1.5 !
            +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+

    ⠪ ,    ॢ 㤥
  窨, ਬ, `1.3.2.2'.   
 ॢ, 室騥  ⪠ (*note 
⢥  ᫨ﭨ::);   ஡ ᠭ  *Note
⪨  ॢ::.

ᨨ  ॢ
================

    ᠭ ,  䠩   ᪮쪮 ॢ.
 ணࠬ த   ᪮쪮 ᨩ.
ணࠬ த⠬ 筮   ᨩ ⨯
`4.1.1'.

祭 ஢ ॢ
==========================

    㬮砭, CVS 砥  ॢ, ⠢
   㢥稢 .  ਬ, `1.1', `1.2',
`1.3'.

      䠩   ᥣ 㤥
楩,  ࢠ  㤥 ࠢ ᠬ 让
ࢮ   ॢ  䠩  ⠫.
ਬ, ᫨  ⠫ 室 䠩  ॢﬨ
`1.7', `3.1', `4.12',   䠩  
ॢ `4.1'.

   筮 ᮢ襭  ॡ   
ॢ --  㬠  ,   㦥 , 
묨 ᫥ CVS,  ⠪  ⪠, ᯥ稢
訩 ᯮᮡ ࠧ, ਬ,  1 襣
த  ᨨ 2 (*note ⪨::).  , ᫨ 
 ⠭  ॢ,    
ப `-r'  `cvs commit'.   `-r' ࠧ㬥
ᯮ짮  `-f',  ⮬ ᫥,   ਢ 
䨪஢ 䠩,  ᫨   뫨 .

   ਬ,  ⮣,   ᥬ 訬 䠩,
 ,   ,  ॢ 3.0, 믮


     $ cvs commit -r 3.0

   ,  ,   㪠뢠  
箬 `-r',     饣 
ॢ.  , ᫨  ॢ 3.0,   
᪠ `cvs commit -r 1.3'.  ᫨   ࠫ쭮
᫥ ᪮쪮 ᨩ ணࠬ த, 
㦭 ᮧ  (*note  ⢥  ᫨ﭨ::).

⪨ ॢ
=============

    ॢ  ᢮ ᮡ⢥ .   
ᮢ襭   ᮮ⭮  ஬ ᨨ 襣
ணࠬ த.   ᨬ  ⮣,  
ᯮ CVS,  ॢ   ᪮쪮
ࠧ   ᪠ த.  ਬ, 䠩 
室묨 ⥪⠬ RCS 5.6  ⠪  ॢ:

     ci.c            5.21
     co.c            5.9
     ident.c         5.3
     rcs.c           5.12
     rcsbase.h       5.11
     rcsdiff.c       5.10
     rcsedit.c       5.11
     rcsfcmp.c       5.9
     rcsgen.c        5.10
     rcslex.c        5.11
     rcsmap.c        5.2
     rcsutil.c       5.10

     ᯮ짮  `tag', ⮡ 
㪢  । ॢ 䠩.   
ᯮ짮   ப `-v'  `status',
⮡ 㢨  ⪨,   䠩,  ⠪ 
 ॢ  ।⠢.   ⮪ 
稭  㪢   ᮤঠ 㪢,   
`-'  `_'.    ⮪ `BASE'  `HEAD' १ࢨ஢
 ᯮ짮  CVS.  ।,  騥
१ࢨ஢    ᯥ樠 ,
ਬ, 稭  ᨬ `.', ⮡ 
䫨⮢  ⢨⥫묨  ⮪.

      - ᮣ襭  
⮪, ᭮뢠, ਬ,   ணࠬ  
 ᨨ.  ਬ,    ணࠬ,  
᫥  ᨨ,  ஬ ᨬ `.'   `-',
⠪  CVS 1.9 㤥 祭  `cvs1-9'.  ᫨ 
롥 ⠡ ࠢ ,   ਤ
ﭭ 㣠뢠, 뢠  ⪠ `cvs-1-9',
`cvs1_9'  - .     ਭ㤨⥫쭮
  ࠢ   䠩 `taginfo' (*note
ன ୠ஢::).

    ᫥饬 ਬ ,    
䠩.    믮  襣 ࠡ祣
⠫,   ⠬,  室 䠩 `backend.c'.

     $ cvs tag rel-0-4 backend.c
     T backend.c
     $ cvs status -v backend.c
     ===================================================================
     File: backend.c         Status: Up-to-date
     
         Version:            1.4     Tue Dec  1 14:39:01 1992
         RCS Version:        1.4     /u/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/backend.c,v
         Sticky Tag:         (none)
         Sticky Date:        (none)
         Sticky Options:     (none)
     
         Existing Tags:
             rel-0-4                     (revision: 1.4)

    ᨭ⠪  `cvs tag',  ࠧࠧ
  ப, ᠭ  *Note 맮 CVS::.

    ॡ   䠩.  ࠧ 
㦭   䠩, ⠢騥 , 
⥣᪮ 窥 横 ࠧࠡ⪨, ਬ, 
饭  .

     $ cvs tag rel-1-0 .
     cvs tag: Tagging .
     T Makefile
     T backend.c
     T driver.c
     T frontend.c
     T parser.c

   (᫨   CVS ⠫  ⢥ ࠬ
 ப,  筮   ᥬ 䠩 
⮬ ⠫ , ४ᨢ,  ᥬ ⠫, 
 ᮤন.  *Note ᨢ ::.)

    `checkout'    ப `-r',
騩  । ॢ .   䫠
頥 祭 室 ⥪,  ண ᤥ
 1.0  `tc'  -  饬.

     $ cvs checkout -r rel-1-0 tc

 , ਬ, ᫨ - ,   ⮩
ᨨ 뫠 訡,        ⥪饩
ࠡ祩 .

     ⠪    ﭨ  
.  *Note   checkout::.   
`checkout'   ப `-r', ᫥ ॣ
 ⮪; . *Note  ⪨::.

     砥   䠩,   㬠
 ⪥   ਢ, ஢  ⠡  䠩 
 ஢ ॢ.  ,     䠩 
᫥騬 ॢﬨ:

             file1   file2   file3   file4   file5
     
             1.1     1.1     1.1     1.1  /--1.1*      <-*-  TAG
             1.2*-   1.2     1.2    -1.2*-
             1.3  \- 1.3*-   1.3   / 1.3
             1.4          \  1.4  /  1.4
                           \-1.5*-   1.5
                             1.6

   -  諮, ॢ, ⬥祭 窠, 뫨
祭.    㬠  ⪥,   窥,
ਤ  ਢ, ᮢ  祭 ॢ.
  ﭥ  ,  砥  祭
ॢ.    ᯮᮡ ।⠢  ﬠ
,  ன  ᬮ   䠩,  
ன ஢ 祭 ॢ, ਬ:

             file1   file2   file3   file4   file5
     
                             1.1
                             1.2
                     1.1     1.3                       _
             1.1     1.2     1.4     1.1              /
             1.2*----1.3*----1.5*----1.2*----1.1     (--- <--- Look here
             1.3             1.6     1.3              \_
             1.4                     1.4
                                     1.5

   ࠡ祬 ⠫
===============================

   ਬ  ।饩 ᥪ樨    ᠬ
࠭ ᯮᮡ ,  ॢ , 
: 믮  `cvs tag'  ࠬ஢
⠢ CVS  ॢ,  祭  ⥪饬
ࠡ祬 ⠫.  ਬ, ᫨  䠩 `backend.c' 
ࠡ祬 ⠫ 뫠 祭  ॢ 1.4,  CVS
 ॢ 1.4.  ,  ⪠ ਫ
।⢥  ॢ 1.4  ९ਨ.  ⪠ - 
  䠩,   - ,  ன
᭠砫  ࠡ稩 ⠫,  ⥬ 
`cvs commit' ७   ९਩.

   ,  ⥫⢮ ⮣ 䠪, 
`cvs tag'   ९ਥ,  ,  
砥 祭 ॢ,   ⫨ 
䠩,   襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.  ᫨ 
  訡筮 믮 ⮩ 樨,
㪠  `cvs tag'   ப `-c'.  ᫨
 ࠡ祬 ⠫   䠩, CVS 
 ᮮ饭  訡,  ⨢   䠩:

     $ cvs tag -c rel-0-4
     cvs tag: backend.c is locally modified
     cvs [tag aborted]: correct the above errors first!

     ॢ
================================

    `cvs rtag' 砥 ९਩  ﭨ 
।   ६ ( ᯮ짮  ⪨
᫥ ॢ).  `rtag' ࠡ⠥ אַ  ᮤন
९ ( ॡ ᭠砫  ࠡ稩
⠫).

   ᫥騥   ப 㪠뢠,  
   ॢ .  *Note ⠭
::,  ਢ  ᠭ.

`-D '
     砥 ᠬ  ॢ   .

`-f'
      ⮫쪮   `-D '  `-r '.
     ᫨  㦥 ᮮ⢥饩 ॢ, 
     ஢ 䠩 ᯮ ᠬ  ॢ.

`-r '
      ⮫쪮 䠩, ᮤঠ騥  
     .

    `cvs tag' ⠪   䠩 
ॢ   , ᯮ     ப
`-D'  `-f'.  , , ᪮॥ ᥣ,   , 
 , ⮬  `cvs tag' 롨ࠥ,  䠩
, ᭮뢠  䠩,   ࠡ祬
⠫,    䠩, ⢮   
   ॢ.   ࠧ, 筮 
ᯮ짮 `cvs rtag'.  ᪫祭   砨
⨯:

     cvs tag -r 1.4 backend.c

, ६饭  㤠 ⮪
======================================

   筮 ⪨  .   , ⮡
࠭  ९, ⮬   㤠 
筮  㦭.

    ,   砨,   ⪨
ᯮ  ६  砩  
ॢ.   ࠧ, 㦭 㤠, ६ 
२ .  ।०:   ⮩ ᥪ樨
,  ᥣ 㭨⮦ ଠ  ਨ 
⠭ ᫥ 訡   㤭 
.  ᫨  --  CVS,  
 ࠭ ᯮ짮    
䠩 `taginfo' (*note ன ୠ஢::).

   ⮡ 㤠 ,    ப `-d'
 `cvs tag'  `cvs rtag'.  ਬ:

     cvs rtag -d rel-0-4 tc

㤠  `rel-0-4'   `tc'.

     ਬ "६饭" ⪨,  ⨬, ⮡
饥  㪠뢠  㣨 ॢ.  ਬ,
⪠ `stable'  㪠뢠  ॢ 1.4 䠩
`backend.c',   ⨬, ⮡  㪠뢠  ॢ 1.6.
⮡ ६ ,    ப `-F'
 `cvs tag'  `cvs rtag'.  ਬ,
㯮    襭 ⠪:

     cvs tag -r 1.6 -F stable backend.c

     ਬ "२" ,  ⨬, ⮡
㣮  㪠뢠    ॢ,   饥.
ਬ,   訡  ᠭ  ⪨  ⨬
ࠢ ,  ⠫  砫  ᯮ짮.
⮡ २ , ᭠砫 ᮧ  ,
ᯮ   ப `-r'  `cvs rtag',
⥬ 㤠 ஥ .  ᫥ ⮣  ⪠
㪠뢠  筮   ᠬ 䠩,   .
ਬ:

     cvs rtag -r old-name-0-4 rel-0-4 tc
     cvs rtag -d old-name-0-4 tc

⪨    㤠 䠩
========================================

   ⪨ 쭮 ⠭   ﬨ
  㤠 䠩;  ᭮ CVS ᫥,
 䠩  ,  ᮡ ᯮ  猪.
 㬮砭,  ⮫쪮 䠩,  
ॢ, ᮮ⢥騥 ⮬,  砥.  ,
      㦥 뫨 㤠,
 ய᪠  ⪥,  ⮬ CVS , 
⢨ ⪨ 砥,  䠩   
祭 .

   ,  ⮬   讥 ⢮
ଠ樨.  ਬ, ।,  䠩  ,
 ⥬ 㤠.  ⥬, ᫨  ⮣ 䠩 
⪠,  ᯮᮡ ᪠, ⮬  ,  ⪠
ᮮ⢥ ६ । ⥬,  䠩  , 
᫥ ⮣,    㤠.  ᫨  믮 `cvs
rtag'  箬  ப `-r',  CVS 砥
䠩,  뫨 㤠,  ⠪ ࠧ
஡.  ਬ,  㪠 `-r HEAD', ⮡
  ॢ.

    `cvs rtag'    ப `-a',
騩   㤠 䠩,   ⨢
砥  뫨  祭.  ਬ,  㪠 
   `-F'  ६饭 ⪨.  ᫨ ६
  `-a',  ⪠  㤠 䠩  
뫠    ॢ   ࠦ  ⮣ 䠪,
 䠩  㤠.    ,   易⥫쭮,
᫨ 㪠 `-r',  ⬥祭 .

 ⪨
============

    ॢ, 室  ࠡ祬 ⠫, ᮤন
⠪ ⥫ ଠ  ᥡ: ਬ,  
室  ⪥ (*note  ⢥  ᫨ﭨ::),
    ࠭祭   `checkout -D' 
`update -D' ﬨ, ᮧ묨 ࠭ 㪠 .  
  ଠ ६ ࠭,  
  ᫥騥   ࠡ祩 ,  
뢠  "".

    設⢥ 砥  --  ⠭ ᯥ
CVS,  ஬   ᫥ 㬠.  ,  ᫨ 
  ᯮ짮  ,    
- 㧭   ⪠ (ਬ,  
!).

    ᯮ짮  `status', ⮡ ᬮ,
 ⠭  ⪨  :

     $ cvs status driver.c
     ===================================================================
     File: driver.c          Status: Up-to-date
     
         Version:            1.7.2.1 Sat Dec  5 19:35:03 1992
         RCS Version:        1.7.2.1 /u/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/driver.c,v
         Sticky Tag:         rel-1-0-patches (branch: 1.7.2)
         Sticky Date:        (none)
         Sticky Options:     (none)

    ⪨    ࠡ 䠩  
,    㤠    `cvs update -A'.
 `-A'   䠩   ॢ
⢮  뢠    ⪠,   
 ப.

    ࠭ ᯮ짮  ⮪ --
㪠,     ࠡ,  ᠭ  *Note
  ⪠::.  ,  ⪨ ⠪ ᯮ
  ⮪.  ।, ਬ,    
 襣 ࠡ祣 ⠫, ⮡  
,    .  , 筮,
   믮  `cvs update'.  ᫨ 
    ⮫쪮  讣 ॢ,
  ⪨  .  ᫨  
। ॢ, ᪠, 1.4,   ⠭ .
᫥騥  `cvs update'  ⠭ 
᫥ ॢ   ,      
 `cvs update -A'.  筮 ⠪ , ᯮ짮 
 ப `-D'  `update'  `checkout' 
" ",  ᯮ   祭.

         䠩 
⠭  ⪨.    ᤥ   
 ப `-p'  `checkout'  `update',
 뫠 ᮤন 䠩  ⠭ 뢮.
ਬ:

     $ cvs update -p -r 1.1 file1 >file1
     ===================================================================
     Checking out file1
     RCS:  /tmp/cvs-sanity/cvsroot/first-dir/Attic/file1,v
     VERS: 1.1
     ***************
     $

   ,   ᠬ ⮩ ᯮᮡ, ᫨ 
訢,  ⬥ ᫥ 䨪஢ ( ⮬
ਬ --  `file1' ⭮   ﭨ, 
஬    ॢ 1.1).  ⮬ 砥  㤥
ᯮ짮   ப `-j'  `update';
쭥襥 㦤 室  *Note ﭨ 
ॢ::.

 ⢥  ᫨ﭨ
*************************

   CVS  ஢   ⤥쭮 
ࠧࠡ⪨, 뢠 "⪮".     䠩
 ⪥,      ᭮ ⢮ 
 㣨 ⪠.

      ६    ⪨ 
    ⪨  ⢮,  뢠 "᫨ﭨ".
砫 믮 `cvs update -j', ⮡  ᫨ 
 ࠡ稩 ⠫,  ⥬   
䨪஢,  䠪᪨ ਢ  ஢
   .

 祣  ⢨?
======================

   ।,  饭 tc ᨨ 1.0.   த
 ࠧࠡ,    1.1 १ 
楢.  १ ஥ ६  짮⥫ 稭
  쥧 訡.     1.0
(*note ⪨::)  室 訡,  ࠢ ன
ॡ ᥣ  ਢ쭮 ).   ,
⥪  室 室  ࠩ ⠡쭮
ﭨ   ⠡  ࠩ   .
    ࠢ , ᭮뢠 
ᢥ 室.

     樨   ᮧ ""  ॢ
ॢ, ᮤঠ 䠩,   﫠  1.0.
⥬       থ  ᭮
⢮.  ⮬  ᬮ     ᠬ 
 ᭮ ⢮,  ⠢  ⮫쪮  ⢨.

 ⢨
==============

     ᮧ , ᯮ `cvs tag -b'.
ਬ, ᫨  室  ⠫  ࠡ祩 :

     $ cvs tag -b rel-1-0-patches

    饯 , ᭮  ⥪饩 ॢ
ࠡ祩 ,  ᢠ ⮩ ⪥ 
`rel-1-0-patches'.

    ,  ⪨ ᮧ  ९ਨ,  
 ࠡ祩 .   ⪨, ᭮  ⥪饩
ॢ,   襯ਢ ਬ, __ ४砥
ࠡ   ᯮ짮 ⪨ (*Note  
⪠::,  ᠭ,  ᤥ ).

    ⠪ ᮧ    ᯮ짮
ࠡ祩 , ᯮ `rtag'.

     $ cvs rtag -b -r rel-1-0 rel-1-0-patches tc

   `-r rel-1-0' 砥,   ⪠  ୥
ॢ, ᮮ⢥ ⪥ `rel-1-0'.   
易⥫쭮   ᠬ ᫥ ॢ: 쭮
 뢠  饯   ன ॢ
(ਬ,  ࠢ 訡  ன ᨨ, 
 ᭮ ⠡쭠).

      砥  `tag',   ப `-b'
⠢ `rtag' ᮧ  (  ᨬ쭮 
ॢ).  ,   ॢ, ᮮ⢥
`rel-1-0', ᪮॥ ᥣ,  ࠧ묨  ࠧ 䠩.

    ࠧ,  䥪 ⮩  - ᮧ
 ,  뢠 `rel-1-0-patches',  㫥
`tc',    ॢ ॢ  窨, 祭
 `rel-1-0'.

  ⪠
===============

        ᯮᮡ:    
९  ⮬ ⠫  ४ 
ࠡ   .

    ⮣, ⮡    ९, 믮
 `checkout'  箬  ப `-r',  
⪨  ⢥ ࠬ (*note  ⢨::).

     $ cvs checkout -r rel-1-0-patches tc

   ᫨   㦥  ࠡ ,   ४
  㦭    `update -r':

     $ cvs update -r rel-1-0-patches tc

   ,    ᠬ:

     $ cd tc
     $ cvs update -r rel-1-0-patches

   ,  ࠡ  뫠 祭  ᭮
⢮  - 㣮 ⪨: 襯ਢ
 ४   㪠 .   筮
 `update', `update -r' ᫨ ᤥ ,
㢥   ந襤 䫨.

     뢠 ࠡ   - ⪮,
 㤥 ⠢ 易,    㪠
⭮.   砥,  , 
䨪  ࠡ祩 ,    ॢ
 , ⠢   ᭮ ⢮  㣨
⪨.

   ⮡ 㧭,   ⢨ 室 ࠡ ,
 ᯮ짮  `status'.   ⮬,   뢥
 ࠭,    , ஥ 뢠
`Sticky tag' (*note  ⪨::) --  CVS ᮮ頥,
  ⢨ 室 ࠡ稥 䠩:

     $ cvs status -v driver.c backend.c
     ===================================================================
     File: driver.c          Status: Up-to-date
     
         Version:            1.7     Sat Dec  5 18:25:54 1992
         RCS Version:        1.7     /u/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/driver.c,v
         Sticky Tag:         rel-1-0-patches (branch: 1.7.2)
         Sticky Date:        (none)
         Sticky Options:     (none)
     
         Existing Tags:
             rel-1-0-patches             (branch: 1.7.2)
             rel-1-0                     (revision: 1.7)
     
     ===================================================================
     File: backend.c         Status: Up-to-date
     
         Version:            1.4     Tue Dec  1 14:39:01 1992
         RCS Version:        1.4     /u/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/backend.c,v
         Sticky Tag:         rel-1-0-patches (branch: 1.4.2)
         Sticky Date:        (none)
         Sticky Options:     (none)
     
         Existing Tags:
             rel-1-0-patches             (branch: 1.4.2)
             rel-1-0                     (revision: 1.4)
             rel-0-4                     (revision: 1.4)

    頩 ⥬,   ⢥   䠩
ࠧ (`1.7.2'  `1.4.2', ᮮ⢥⢥).  ⪠ ⢨
   , `rel-1-0-patches',   䠩 ⢨⥫쭮
室    ⮩  ⪥.    ࠦ 
  ਨ 䠩,  ன  .  
襯ਢ ਬ  㧭,  । ⥬, 
뫠 ᮧ ⪠, `driver.c' ௥  ,
祬 `backend.c'.

    *Note ⪨  ॢ::,  ஡ ᠭ,
 ஥  ⢥.

⪨  ॢ
===============

   筮  ॢ 䠩 --   
᫥⥫쭮 ஢ (*note  ॢ::):

            +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
            ! 1.1 !----! 1.2 !----! 1.3 !----! 1.4 !----! 1.5 !
            +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+

    , CVS  ࠭祭  ࠧࠡ⪮.
"ॢ ॢ"   饯  "⢨", 
  -- ᠬ⥫쭠  ࠧࠡ⪨.
, ᤥ   ⪥,   
ᥭ ⠪   ᭮ ⢮.

    ⪠  " ⪨", 騩  ⭮
᫠  ᥫ, ࠧ 窠.   ⪨
ᮧ ⥬  楫 ᫠   ॢ, 
ன 뫠 饯 ⪠.   ⮪ 
饯    ⮩  ॢ ᪮쪮 ⮪.

    ॢ  ⪥   ॢ, ࠧ
⥬  浪    ⪨.  
 ᮧ ⮪.

                                                           +-------------+
                                Branch 1.2.2.3.2 ->        ! 1.2.2.3.2.1 !
                                                         / +-------------+
                                                        /
                                                       /
                      +---------+    +---------+    +---------+
     Branch 1.2.2 -> _! 1.2.2.1 !----! 1.2.2.2 !----! 1.2.2.3 !
                    / +---------+    +---------+    +---------+
                   /
                  /
     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
     ! 1.1 !----! 1.2 !----! 1.3 !----! 1.4 !----! 1.5 !  <- The main trunk
     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
                     !
                     !
                     !   +---------+    +---------+    +---------+
     Branch 1.2.4 -> +---! 1.2.4.1 !----! 1.2.4.2 !----! 1.2.4.3 !
                         +---------+    +---------+    +---------+

   筮  ॡ 뢠   ⠫ ⮣,
   ⮪,    ஡:  CVS
ᮧ  ⪨,   ࢮ ᯮ짮 ⭮
᫮, 稭  .  ⮬, ᫨   ᮧ
  ॢ 6.4,  㤥 뢠 6.4.2.  
⮪, 稢騥   (ਬ, 6.4.0),
ᯮ  ७ 㦤 CVS (*note 襡
 ⮪::).  ⪠ 1.1.1  ᯥ樠쭮 祭.
*Note   室묨 ⥪⠬::.

襡  ⮪
======================

    ⮩ ᥪ樨 ᠭ  CVS, 뢠
"襡 ⪨".   設⢥ 砥   ॡ
ᯮ  襡 ⪠, ⠪  CVS ᠬ ᫥ 
.  ,  । ᫮   㢨, 
⮬  뫮  㧭,   ࠡ.

    ⮪   ⭮ ⢠ 
楫 ᥫ, ࠧ 窠.  *Note  ॢ::.
 ,    ࠢ.   ᮮࠦ
䥪⨢ CVS  ⠢ 譨   
ࠢ  (1.2.4 ⠭ 1.2.0.4,  8.9.10.11.12
⠭ 8.9.10.11.0.12  ⠪ ).

   CVS 쭮   ⠪ "襡" ⪨,  
᪮쪨     㤠:

   *  襡 ⮪   뤠 `cvs log'.

   *    㪠 ᨬ᪮  ⪨  
     `cvs admin'.


    ᯮ짮  `admin', ⮡ ७
ᨬ᪮  ⪨  , ஥  㢨 CVS.
ਬ, ᫨ `R4patches' ᢮ ⪥ 1.4.2 (襡
 1.4.0.2)  䠩 `numbers.c',  ᤥ ⠪:

     $ cvs admin -NR4patches:1.4.2 numbers.c

    ࠡ⠥, ⮫쪮 ᫨    ॢ 㦥 뫠
䨪஢  ⪥.   祭 ஦, ⮡ 
᢮  ࠢ쭮 , ⠪   ᯮᮡ
㧭, 祬 뫠 ᢮  ⪠  ( ᪫祭
 १ࢭ ஢).

ﭨ ⮪
=============

     ꥤ , ᤥ  ⪥, 
襩 ࠡ祩 ,  䫠 `-j '  
`update'.   १ CVS   ࠡ 
, ᤥ  ୥ ॢ ⪨ 
ᢥ襩 ॢ  ⮩ ⪥.

     ப `-j' 砥 "ꥤ" (join).

   ।⠢ ᥡ ⠪ ॢ ॢ:

     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
     ! 1.1 !----! 1.2 !----! 1.3 !----! 1.4 !      <- ᭮ ⢮
     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
                     !
                     !
                     !   +---------+    +---------+
       R1fix -> +---! 1.2.2.1 !----! 1.2.2.2 !
                         +---------+    +---------+

⪥ 1.2.2 뫠 祭 ⪠ (ᨬ쭮 ) `R1fix'.
 ᫥饬 ਬ ।,   `mod'
ᮤন ⢥ 䠩, `m.c'.

     $ cvs checkout mod               #  ᫥ ॢ, 1.4
     
     $ cvs update -j R1fix m.c        #   , ᤥ  ⪥,
                                      # . .   ॢﬨ 1.2
                                      #  1.2.2.2,  ࠡ  䠩
     
     $ cvs commit -m "Included R1fix" # ᮧ ॢ 1.5.

    १ 樨 ᫨ﭨ  ந 䫨.
  砥  ᭠砫  ࠢ   ।
䨪஢ .  *Note ਬ 䫨::.

    `checkout' ⠪ ন 䫠 `-j '.
  䥪, 㦤襣 ,  

     $ cvs checkout -j R1fix mod
     $ cvs commit -m " R1fix"

⭮ ᫨ﭨ  ⪨
=============================

    த 㦤 ਬ.   ॢ ॢ
룫廊 ⠪:

     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
     ! 1.1 !----! 1.2 !----! 1.3 !----! 1.4 !----! 1.5 !   <- ⢮
     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
                     !                           *
                     !                          *
                     !   +---------+    +---------+
       R1fix -> +---! 1.2.2.1 !----! 1.2.2.2 !
                         +---------+    +---------+

      祪 ।⠢ ᮡ ᫨ﭨ ⪨
`R1fix'  ᭮ ⢮, 㦤襥 ⮫쪮 .

   । ⥯,  ࠧࠡ⪠ ⪨ `R1fix'
த:

     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
     ! 1.1 !----! 1.2 !----! 1.3 !----! 1.4 !----! 1.5 !   <- ⢮
     +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+    +-----+
                     !                           *
                     !                          *
                     !   +---------+    +---------+    +---------+
       R1fix -> +---! 1.2.2.1 !----! 1.2.2.2 !----! 1.2.2.3 !
                         +---------+    +---------+    +---------+

    ⥯    ᫨ ᢥ訥  
᭮ ⢮.  ᫨    ᯮ짮 
`cvs update -j R1fix m.c',  CVS ⠫   ᫨
㦥 ᫨ ,  ਢ   ⥫
१⠬.

    ⮣  㦭 㪠,    ᫨
⮫쪮    ⪥,    뫨 ꥤ 
⢮.   ⮣  㪠뢠   
ப `-j',  CVS ᫨   ࢮ  ன
ॢﬨ.  ਬ,  ⮬ 砥 ᠬ  ᯮᮡ
㤥

     cvs update -j 1.2.2.2 -j R1fix m.c    #    1.2.2.2 
                                           #  ⪨ R1fix

   ஡   ,    
㪠 ॢ 1.2.2.2.   訬 室 㤥
ᯮ짮  ᮢ襭 ᫥ ᫨ﭨ.

     cvs update -j R1fix:yesterday -j R1fix m.c

     뫮    `R1fix' ᫥ 
᫨ﭨ  ⢮,  ᯮ짮    쭥
᫨ﭨ:

     cvs update -j merged_from_R1fix_to_trunk -j R1fix m.c

ﭨ    ॢﬨ
=======================================

      䫠 `-j ',  `update' 
`checkout'  ᫨   묨 
ॢﬨ   ࠡ稩 䠩.

   

     $ cvs update -j 1.5 -j 1.3 backend.c

⬥ , ᤥ  ॢﬨ 1.3  1.5.
   冷 㪠 ॢ!

   ᫨  ஡ ᯮ짮    ࠡ 
᪮쪨 䠩, ,   ॢ, ⭮,
 ᨫ쭮 ⫨  ࠧ 䠩.   ⠪ 
 ᥣ ᫥ ᯮ짮 ᨬ ⪨,  
 ॢ.

       ப `-j',  ⠪
⬥ 㤠   䠩.  ਬ,
।,    䠩 `file1', ⢮訩 
ॢ 1.1.  ⥬  㤠 , ᮧ ""
ॢ 1.2.   ।,    
 ,  ⥬  ᠬ ᮤন,    ࠭.
  ᤥ :

     $ cvs update -j 1.2 -j 1.1 file1
     U file1
     $ cvs commit -m test
     Checking in file1;
     /tmp/cvs-sanity/cvsroot/first-dir/file1,v  <--  file1
     new revision: 1.3; previous revision: 1.2
     done
     $

 ᫨ﭨ    㤠 䠩
===========================================

   ᫨ ,   ᫨,   ᥡ
㤠   - 䠩,  
`update -j'  ⠪   㤠.

   For example:
     cvs update -A
     touch a b c
     cvs add a b c ; cvs ci -m "added" a b c
     cvs tag -b branchtag
     cvs update -r branchtag
     touch d ; cvs add d
     rm a ; cvs rm a
     cvs ci -m "added d, removed a"
     cvs update -A
     cvs update -jbranchtag

   ᫥ ⮣,    믮,  ⠪ 믮
 `cvs commit', 䠩 `a' 㤥 㤠,  䠩 `d'
㤥   ᭮ ⢮.

ᨢ 
*********************

      CVS ࠡ ४ᨢ, ᫨ 
㪠  ⢥ 㬥 ⠫.  ਬ, ।⠢
ᥡ ⠪  ⠫:

           `$HOME'
             |
             +--tc
             |   |
                 +--CVS
                 |      (㦥 䠩 CVS)
                 +--Makefile
                 +--backend.c
                 +--driver.c
                 +--frontend.c
                 +--parser.c
                 +--man
                 |    |
                 |    +--CVS
                 |    |  (㦥 䠩 CVS)
                 |    +--tc.1
                 |
                 +--testing
                      |
                      +--CVS
                      |  (㦥 䠩 CVS)
                      +--testpgm.t
                      +--test2.t

᫨ `tc' --  ⥪騩 ࠡ稩 ⠫,   ᫥騥
⢥ত:

   * `cvs update testing' ⭮

          cvs update testing/testpgm.t testing/test2.t

   * `cvs update testing man'   䠩 
     ⠫

   * `cvs update .'   `cvs update'  
     䠩  ⠫ `tc'

   ᫨  `update'  뫮    㬥,
    䠩  ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫  
  ⠫.  㣨 ᫮, `.' 
㬥⮬  㬮砭  `update'.   ⠪ ⨭
 設⢠  CVS,   ⮫쪮  
`update'.

   ᨢ   CVS   ⪫祭
    ப `-l',  , 
 ப `-R'  ᯮ짮 
ਭ㤨⥫쭮 ४ᨨ, ᫨ `-l'  㪠  `~/.cvsrc'
(*note ~/.cvsrc::).

     $ cvs update -l         #   䠩  ⠫

, 㤠  २ 䠩  ⠫
********************************************************

     ࠧࠡ⪨ ஥  ॡ ,
㤠  २뢠 䠩  ⠫.  室 
 ਭ樯, ॡ, ⮡ CVS  䠪
ᮢ襭 ⠪ ⢨,  ⮣, ⮡ ᮢ
⨬ , 筮 ⠪ ,   頥 
ﬨ 䠩.   堭, 騥  
,   ⭮ 樨.

 䠩  ⠫
===========================

    ⮣, ⮡   䠩  ⠫, ᮢ
᫥騥 蠣:

   * 砫     ࠡ  ⠫.
     *Note 祭 室 ::.

   *   䠩  ࠡ祩  ⠫.

   * ᯮ `cvs add _', ⮡ ᮮ CVS,
        ࠭   ⮣ 䠩.
     ᫨  䠩 ࠭  ,  
      ப `-kb' (*note  䠩::).

   * ᯮ  `cvs commit _', ⮡
      䠩  ९਩.  㣨 ࠧࠡ稪 
     㢨  䠩,    믮  .

    ⠪ ᯮ짮  `add'  
 ⠫.

    ⫨稥  設⢠ 㣨 ,  `add' 
 ४ᨢ.      ᪠ `cvs add
foo/bar'.   ⮣,  ॡ 믮

     $ cd foo
     $ cvs add bar

 - : cvs add [`-k' kflag] [`-m' ᮮ饭] 䠩 ...
        ᯨ᮪  饭  ९਩.
       ⠫, 㪠   `add', 
     ⢮  ⥪饬 ⠫.   ⮣, ⮡
       ९਩ 楫 ॢ ⠫,
     ਬ, 䠩, 祭  ஭ ⠢騪,
     ᯮ  `import'. *Note  import::.

      䠩    ९਩,  
      믮  `commit', 䨪஢ ⥬ ᠬ
     .  믮  `add'  䠩,
       㤠  `remove', ⬥ ⢨
     `remove', ᫨ ᫥    뫠 믮 
     `commit'.  *Note  䠩::, ⠬ 室
     ਬ.

       ப `-k'  ᯮᮡ  㬮砭,
        䠩, 쭥 ଠ
     室  *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

       ப `-m'  ᠭ 䠩.
     ᠭ   ୠ ਨ, ᫨ ࠧ襭
      ᯮ짮, *note  history::.   
     ᠭ 㤥 ࠭  ९ਨ,  䠩
     㤥 䨪஢.   `log' 뢠 
     ᠭ.  ᠭ     
      `admin -t'.  *Note  admin::.  ᫨ 
      䫠 `-m ',     
     ᠭ,  㤥 ᯮ짮  ப.

   ਬ, ᫥騥   䠩
`backend.c'  ९਩:

     $ cvs add backend.c
     $ cvs commit -m "Early version. Not yet compilable." backend.c

      䠩,   ⮫쪮  
,  ன  ࠡ⠥ (*note  ⢥ 
᫨ﭨ::).       
 , ᫨  (*note ﭨ  
㤠::).

 䠩
===============

   ন ⠫ .    䠩,
祧 .   ,  ⥫  
   ᨩ 襣 ஥.

      㤠 䠩, ࠭    
ॢ:

   * ,      ⮣ 䠩.
     *Note ᬮ ::, ⠬ ᠭ  
     ᯮᮡ 㡥  ⮬.   ⠪ ᯮ짮
      `status'  `update'.  ᫨  㤠 䠩
      ।⥫쭮 䨪樨 , , 筮
     ,  ᬮ   䠩  ⮬ ,  ஬
      室 । 㤠.

   *  䠩  ࠡ祩  ⠫.  ਬ,
      ᯮ짮 ணࠬ `rm'.

   * 믮 `cvs remove -', ⮡ ᮮ CVS,
       ⢨⥫쭮  㤠  䠩.

   * 믮 `cvs commit -', ⮡ 䨪஢
     㤠 䠩  ९ਨ.

     䨪 㤠 䠩, CVS , 
⮣ 䠩   .  祬,  
⢮   ⪠   ⢮  㣨,
   ᫥⢨  㣮 䠩  ⥬ 
ᠬ .  CVS ४⭮ ᮧ   ⠭
ᮧ 䠩, ᭮뢠    ப `-r'
 `-D',    `checkout'  `update'.

 - : cvs remove [] 䠩 ...
     頥 䠩  ᯨ᮪  㤠  ९
     ( ⮣, ⮡   ࠡ⠫, 㦭, ⮡
     䠩 뫨 㤠  ࠡ祣 ⠫).   
      㤠 䠩  ९,   
     䨪 㤠.   ᯨ᮪ 祩 室
      *Note 맮 CVS::.

    ਬ 㤠 ᪮쪨 䠩:

     $ cd test
     $ rm *.c
     $ cvs remove
     cvs remove: Removing .
     cvs remove: scheduling a.c for removal
     cvs remove: scheduling b.c for removal
     cvs remove: use 'cvs commit' to remove these files permanently
     $ cvs ci -m "Removed unneeded files"
     cvs commit: Examining .
     cvs commit: Committing .

    㤮⢠  㤠 䠩  ६ 
`cvs remove', ᯮ   ப `-f'.
ਬ, 襯ਢ ਬ  ९ ⠪:

     $ cd test
     $ cvs remove -f *.c
     cvs remove: scheduling a.c for removal
     cvs remove: scheduling b.c for removal
     cvs remove: use 'cvs commit' to remove these files permanently
     $ cvs ci -m "Removed unneeded files"
     cvs commit: Examining .
     cvs commit: Committing .

   ᫨  믮  `remove',  ⥬ ६
᢮ 襭,   䨪஢ 㤠,  
`remove'  ⬥    `add'.

     $ ls
     CVS   ja.h  oj.c
     $ rm oj.c
     $ cvs remove oj.c
     cvs remove: scheduling oj.c for removal
     cvs remove: use 'cvs commit' to remove this file permanently
     $ cvs add oj.c
     U oj.c
     cvs add: oj.c, version 1.1.1.1, resurrected

   ᫨  ᮧ ᢮ 訡 । 믮 
`remove',  ᯮ짮 `update', ⮡ 
䠩:

     $ rm oj.c
     $ cvs update oj.c
     cvs update: warning: oj.c was lost
     U oj.c

     㤠 䠩,  㤠 ⮫쪮  ⮩ ⪨,
 ன  ࠡ⠥ (*note  ⢥ 
᫨ﭨ::).    ᫨ 㤠   ,
᫨  (*note ﭨ   㤠::).

 ⠫
==================

    ਭ樯 㤠 ⠫  祬-  㤠
䠩 --   , ⮡ ⠫ ⢮  ⥪饬
ࠡ祬 ⠫,    ⠪, ⮡  뫮
  ᨨ ஥,    ⢮
⠫.

    㤠 ⠫, 㤠  䠩  .  
ᯮᮡ 㤠 ᠬ ⠫.   ⮣  
 `cvs update', `cvs checkout'  `cvs export' 
 ப `-P',  ⠢ CVS 㤠 
⠫  ࠡ祬 ⠫.  ⭮,  ᥣ 㤥
ᥣ 㪠뢠 `-P', ᫨  , ⮡ ⢮
⮩ ⠫,    ⮩ 䠩, ਬ,
`.keepme', ⮡   CVS  箬 `-P' 㤠 
⠫.

   ,   ᯮ짮 祩 `-r'  `-D' 
 `checkout'  `export' ࠧ㬥 ⠪
ᯮ짮 `-P'.   ⮬ CVS ᬮ ᮧ  
ᮧ ⠫,  ᨬ  ⮣, 室  
⮬ ⠫ - 䠩  ⭮ ᨨ ஥.

६饭  २ 䠩
===================================

   ६饭 䠩  㣮 ⠫  २ 
᫮,   ᯥ   祢묨.
६饭  २ ⠫  ᫮. *Note
६饭 ⠫::.)

    ਢ ਬ ।,  䠩 `old'
२뢠  `new'.

 ᯮᮡ २
-----------------------------

    ᯮᮡ ६饭 䠩  ஢
OLD  NEW,  ⥬ 믮  CVS  㤠 䠩
OLD  ९   㤠 䠩 NEW.

     $ mv OLD NEW
     $ cvs remove OLD
     $ cvs add NEW
     $ cvs commit -m "OLD २  NEW" OLD NEW

    ᠬ ⮩ ᯮᮡ ६ 䠩,  
থ 訡,  ࠭  ᮢ襭
⢨.  ,   㯠  ਨ 䠩 㦭
㪠 ஥   ,  ᨬ  ਮ
ਨ,  ஬  頥.  ਬ, `cvs log
OLD' 뤠 ୠ    २.

    NEW 䨪, 㬥  ॢ 筥 
, 筮  1.1, ⮬ ᫨    ࠢ,
ᯮ   ப `-r ' 
`commit'.  쭥 ଠ ᬮ  *Note 祭
஢ ॢ::.

६饭 䠩  ॢﬨ
-----------------------------

    ⮤  ᥭ, ⮬  ॡ ६饭
䠩  ९ਨ.     । ⪠
ਬ  ⮤!

     $ cd $CVSROOT/DIR
     $ mv OLD,v NEW,v

२⢠:

   * ୠ  ࠭.

   *  ॢ  .

⪨:

   *  ⮣ ᯮᮡ   ᨨ ஥ 
     ९.   㤥    NEW
       ᨩ ஥,      
     २.

   *  ࠭ ଠ  ⮬,  
     २ 䠩.

   *  ந ⭮, ᫨ - 
     ࠡ  䠩 ॢ,    ६頥.
     ,     頥 
     ९,   믮 .

஢ 䠩  ॢﬨ
-----------------------------

    ᯮᮡ ⠪ ॡ   ९.
 ᥭ,     .

     #  ஢ RCS-䠩  ९ਨ 
     $ cd $CVSROOT/DIR
     $ cp OLD,v NEW,v
     #    䠩 
     $ cd ~/DIR
     $ rm OLD
     $ cvs remove OLD
     $ cvs commit OLD
     #   ⪨  NEW
     $ cvs update NEW
     $ cvs log NEW   #   ⪨,  騥  ⮪
     $ cvs tag -d TAG1 NEW
     $ cvs tag -d TAG2 NEW
     ...

    ⪨,  ᬮ   ॢ

२⢠:

   * 祭  ॢ ࠡ⠥ ४⭮, ᫨ 
     ᯮ  祭 ॢ  
     ப `-r',   `-D'.

   * ୠ  ⠥  楫  ࠭.

   *  ॢ  ᪠.

⪨:

   *  ᯮᮡ  㢨  䠩 
     २.


६饭  २ ⠫
======================================

    ᯮᮡ २  ६ ⠫ --
२  ६  䠩  , 
ᠭ  *Note 㦨::.  ⥬ ᫥  
, ᯮ   ப `-P',  ᠭ 
*Note  ⠫::.

   ᫨  ⢨⥫쭮 㦭   ९ਥ,
⮡ २  㤠 ⠫  ९ਨ, 
 ᤥ  ⠪:

  1.  ,    祭 
     ⠫,  ⠫ 㤥 २.   
     䨪஢ ᢮   㤠 ࠡ稥 ,
     । ⥬,   ।ਬ 쭥訥 蠣.

  2. २ ⠫  ९.

          $ cd $CVSROOT/-
          $ mv - -

  3. ࠢ ⨢ 䠩 CVS, ᫨ 
     ॡ (ਬ, ᫨  २ 楫
     ).

  4.  ᥬ,     ᢮ ࠡ稥
        த ࠡ.


   ᫨ -  㤠 ᢮ ࠡ ,  CVS
 ⪠뢠 ࠡ,    㤠 ⠫,
ண     ९ਨ.

    ᥣ ࠧ 訬 ᯮᮡ 㤥 ६
䠩  ⠫,  ⮣, ⮡ ६ ⠫,
⮬   , ᪮॥ ᥣ,  ᬮ ४⭮
  ᨨ 襣 ஥, ⠪  ,
⭮,    ⠫.

ᬮ ਨ
****************

   ᫥ ⮣,   ᯥ ᯮ짮 CVS  ࠭
ଠ樨  ਨ :  䠩, ,  
 ,  ॡ ࠧࠧ 堭 
ᬮ ਨ.

ୠ 
=================

    ࠧ,   䨪   䠩, 
। ᮧ ᮮ⢥ ୠ .

    ⮣, ⮡ ᬮ ୠ ,
ᮮ⢥騥  䨪஢ ॢ, ᯮ
 `cvs log' (*note  log::).

 ਨ
============

     ᯮ짮 䠩 history (*note 
history::), ⮡ ୠ஢ ࠧࠧ ⢨ CVS.
⮡  ଠ  䠩 history, ᯮ
 `cvs history' (*note  history::).

ன ୠ஢
========================

     ந CVS  ୠ஢ ࠧ
⢨ ⥬ ᯮᮡ,   ॡ.  
⨣ 믮 । ਯ 
।  ६.  ਯ , ਬ,
 ᮮ饭     - 䠩,
᫠ ⮢ ᮮ饭 㯯 ࠧࠡ稪 ,
ਬ,  ᮮ饭  㯯 ⥩.   ⮣,
⮡ ୠ஢ 䠪 䨪஢, ᯮ 䠩
`loginfo' (*note  loginfo::).

    ୠ஢ 䨪஢, 祭, ᯮ⮢ 
⮪  ᯮ짮 䫠 `-i', `-o', `-e'  `-t'
ᮮ⢥⢥.   䫠 室  䠩 㫥.
  ᯮᮡ 㢥 짮⥫, ॡ騬
 ᨫ  প 業ࠫ ਯ⮢,
  `cvs watch add' (*note 祭
㢥::);   ,  ᫨  
ᯮ `cvs watch on'.

    䠩 `taginfo'  ணࠬ,  㦭
믮,  - 믮  CVS `tag' 
`rtag'.   `taginfo'  ⠭ ଠ
⨢ 䠩 (*note ⨢ 䠩::), 
 ப   ᮤন ॣ୮ ࠦ, 
 ᫥ ,   믮.
㬥,  । ,  -,
 (`add'  `tag', `mov'  `tag -F', `del' 
`tag -d'), ,  ⥬ ᫥   -
.  㫥  襭 ணࠬ ਢ 
⬥ 樨  ⪠.

    ਬ ᯮ짮 `taginfo'  ୠ஢
 `tag'  `rtag'.   䠩 `taginfo' ᠭ:

     ALL /usr/local/cvsroot/CVSROOT/loggit

    `/usr/local/cvsroot/CVSROOT/loggit'  ⠪
ਯ⮬:

     #!/bin/sh
     echo "$@" >>/home/kingdon/cvsroot/CVSROOT/taglog

 annotate
================

 - : cvs annotate [`-flR'] [`-r rev'|`-D date']
          files ...
       䠩  ᯨ᪥ FILES,  
     ॢ  ⢮,  ⠪ ଠ  ᫥
        ப.  ਬ:

          $ cvs annotate ssfile
          Annotations for ssfile
          ***************
          1.1          (mary     27-Mar-96): ssfile line 1
          1.2          (joe      28-Mar-96): ssfile line 2

      䠩 `ssfile'  騩  ᮤন 
     ப.  ப `ssfile line 1' 뫠 䨪஢
     `mary'  ᥤ쬮 .  ⥬, 
     쬮, `joe'  ப `ssfile line 2', 
      ப `ssfile line 1'.   ⮬  祣
      ᪠  ⮬,  뫮 㤠  ;
     ᯮ `cvs diff', ⮡ 㧭  (*note
      diff::).


     `cvs annotate' ᫥  *Note 맮
CVS::,   ᯮ짮  롮 䠩  
ॢ,  㦭 ஢.   ⠫쭮
ᠭ  *Note ⠭ ::.

ࠡ⪠  䠩
*************************

   ᭮ ਬ  CVS - ࠭ ⥪⮢ 䠩.
 ࠡ  ⥪⮢묨 䠩 CVS  ꥤ
ॢ, 뢠 ࠧ  ॢﬨ  㯭
 祫 ଠ,  ᮢ 稥  樨.
, ᫨  ᮣ ⪠  
⥩,  CVS  ࠭  䠩.
ਬ,  ࠭  CVS 楫 web-ᠩ, 祬 
࠭, ⠪   ⨭.

 ᯮ짮  䠩
=====================================

   ᫨  ﭭ ࠡ⠥  묨 䠩, 
室  ᯮ짮 祢.  ᫨   
࠭   ⠪ 䠩, 
⥫ .

     ᭮ 㭪権 ஫ ᨩ -- ᬮ
ࠧ稩   ॢﬨ.  ਬ, ᫨ - 
ᮧ  ॢ 䠩,   ⥫  
 ,    ᭨, ୮  뫨 ᤥ
.   ⥪⮢ 䠩 CVS ᯥ稢 ⠪
㭪樮쭮    `cvs diff'.  
 䠩    ॢ  ࠢ  
 譥 㬥 (ਬ,  ⥪⮢
 筮  ⠪ .  ᫨ ⠪
㬥  , 㦭 ᫥ 
।⢮   㣨 堭, ਬ, ⠢
  訥 ୠ ᮮ饭,  
⮬,   ⢨⥫쭮 ᤥ ,  ॢ
ᤥ.

   㣠  ⥬ ஫ ᨩ --
ꥤ  ॢ.   CVS  ந室  
⥪.  -, 짮⥫ । 䠩 
ࠧ ࠡ ⠫ (*note ᪮쪮
ࠧࠡ稪::).  -, ꥤ ᮢ ,
ᯮ  `update -j' (*note  ⢥ 
᫨ﭨ::).

    砥 ⥪⮢ 䠩 CVS  ꥤ ,
ᮢ襭 ᨬ   㣠,  ᨣ஢ 
䫨, ᫨ 㦭.   砥  䠩 襥, 
 ᤥ CVS -- 뤠  ࠧ  䠩 
।⠢ 짮⥫ ࠢ  䫨⮬.
짮⥫      , 
ᯮ짮 ᯥ樠 㬥  ᫨ﭨ 䠩
⮣ ⭮ ଠ, ᫨ ⠪ 㬥
.  ,  室 ᫨ﭨ 
    ⭮ 짮⥫,
⮬  ਢ  訡.

   ᫨ 襮ᠭ  ⥫, 訬 室
뫮  ⪠  ⮬᪮ ᫨ﭨ.  ⮡
 ᫨ﭨ,  १⮬ ࠡ  ࠧ
ࠡ ⠫, ᬮ 㦤 
祭 (஢ 䠩)  *Note ᪮쪮
ࠧࠡ稪::.  ⮡  ᫨ﭨ, ࠧ 
१ ᯮ짮 ⢥, ࠭ ᯮ짮
⢥.

 ࠭  䠩
==========================

    ࠭  䠩 ⠥  .  :
CVS  㬮砭 ८ࠧ   ப 
᪮ ମ,  ன  ࠭  ९ਨ
(⮫쪮 ᨬ  ப)  ମ, ᮮ⢥饩
樮 ⥬  (ਬ,  ⪨, 
 ᫥ ॢ ப  Windows NT).

   ன  --  筮 䠩   ,
宦  祢 ᫮ (*note ⠭ 祢
᫮::), ⠪   ⠭   몫祭.

     ப `-kb', 㯭  ᯮ짮
  CVS,  㡥,  
८ࠧ 殢 ப,  ⠭ 祢 ᫮
 ந.

    ਬ ᮧ  䠩  ᯮ짮 䫠
`-kb':

     $ echo '$Id$' > kotest
     $ cvs add -kb -m"A test file" kotest
     $ cvs ci -m"ࢮ 䨪஢; 䠩 ᮤন 祢 ᫮" kotest

   ᫨ 䠩 砩 㤥   `-kb', 
ᯮ짮  `cvs admin'  ⠭.
ਬ,

     $ echo '$Id$' > kotest
     $ cvs add -m"A test file" kotest
     $ cvs commit -m"ࢮ 䨪஢; ᮤন 祢 ᫮" kotest
     $ cvs admin -kb kotest
     $ cvs update -A kotest
     #  -UNIX ⥬:
     # ஢ 㤠-   䠩
     $ cvs commit -m " 䠩 " kotest

      䠩 `kotest',   ⠭ ,
⮬    䨪஢   .  
`cvs admin -kb' ⠭ ⮤ ⠭ 祢
᫮  㬮砭  ⮣ 䠩,    ࠡ
 䠩,    .  ᫨  㦭 ࠢ
 ᨬ  ப ( ᯮ짮 CVS  -UNIX
⥬),  ॡ 䨪஢   䠩,
     `cvs commit'.   UNIX
筮 믮 `cvs update -A'.

   , ᯮ `cvs admin -k'   ०
⠭ 祢 ᫮, ,   ० 
稭 ஫ ᨩ.   砥,  ᫨,
᪠,     - 䠩 
⥪⮢,  ⥬      䠩 
⥬  ,  CVS  ᯥ稢 ᯮᮡ  䠩
 筮  ⥪⮢ ०  ᨬ  ᨨ
,   .   室 ⮩ ஡
襣 襭  .

     ⠭ 祭  㬮砭, 
ᯮ  `cvs add'  `cvs import',  ᭥,
  䠩 ⥪⮢  , ᭮뢠  
.  ਬ,  ࠭஢,  䠩,  
稢  `.exe'  묨.  *Note
⪨::.   騩   ᯮᮡ  ।,
  䠩 ⥪⮢  ,  ᨬ 
 ᮤন. ᭮ 㤭  ࠧࠡ⪥ ⠪
 -- ᭮,  ࠧ ⠪ 䠩, ⮬
 ᯮᮡ ᨫ쭮 ࠧ  ࠧ 樮
⥬.

᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪
***********************

     ணࠬ ஥⮬ ࠡ⠥  
祫,  १ ᫮.   
ࠧࠡ稪 ६  ।஢   
 䠩.    襭, ⭮  "஢
䠩"  "஢ 祭", --   
६  ।஢ 䠩 ⮫쪮 
祫.   -- ⢥ 襭  ᯮ짮
 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ,  RCS  SCCS.  
饥 ६  ᯮᮡ ᮢ ஢
祭 ࠡ祩    CVS -- ᯮ짮
 `cvs admin -l' (*note   admin::).  
  ⮫ ᨢ ⥣஢  CVS, 
㭪樨 ᫥, ᠭ ,  ,  ,
 ॡ ஢ 祭,  
ࠨ.

     ६ ।஢ 䠩 
ࠧࠡ稪  ⠪ ᯮ짮 
᫥, ᠭ ,   ᮮ⢥騬
⨢묨 楤ࠬ ( ஫㥬묨  
ணࠬ).

   , ᯮ㥬  CVS  㬮砭, 뢠
"஢ 祭".   ⮩  ࠧࠡ稪
। ᢮ ᮡ⢥ "ࠡ稥 " 䠩.  ,
䨪஢訩 ᢮ ,   ⮬᪨
㧭,  ன ⠪ 砫 ।஢ 䠩.  ன
 ᮮ饭  訡,  ⠥ 䨪஢
䠩.    ᯮ짮 ᮮ⢥騥  CVS,
⮡  ࠡ  ᮮ⢥⢮ ᢥ襩 ॢ,
室饩  ९ਨ.     室
 ⮬᪨.

   CVS ⠪ ন 堭 ࠧ ᯮᮡ
㭨樨,   ⠨  믮 -
ࠢ,  ⫨稥  ஢ 祭.

   ⠢   뢠,  ࠡ  
ࠧ ,  ⠪  , 易 
롮஬ ⮣   ਠ.

 䠩
============

   ᭮뢠  ,  ந 
祭 䠩,  ⠪  , 
ந  ⨬ 䠩  ९ਨ, 
஢ ᪮쪮 ﭨ 䠩.  
`status' ࠯   ﭨ.   ⠪:

Up-to-date
      祭 ᫥ ॢ  ९ਨ,
     室饩  ᯮ㥬 ⪥.

Locally Modified
      ।஢  䠩    䨪஢
     .

Locally Added
        䠩   `cvs add',   
     䨪஢ .

Locally Removed
      㤠 䠩   `cvs remove'   
     䨪஢ .

Needs Checkout
     -  ⨫  ॢ  ९਩.
       ᡨ  ⮫, ⮬  ॡ
     ᯮ짮  `cvs update',   `cvs
     checkout', ⮡  ᢥ .

Needs Patch
     宦  "Needs Checkout",  CVS-ࢥ 諥
     ,   楫 䠩.   ਭ樯  ਢ 
     ⮬  ᠬ १.

Needs Merge
     -  ⨫  ॢ  ९਩,  
     ⠪   䠩.

File had conflicts on merge
     宦  "Locally Modified", ⮫쪮 ᫥
     믮  `cvs update' 㦨 䫨.
     ᫨    ࠢ , ᤥ , 
     ᠭ  *Note ਬ 䫨::.

Unknown
     CVS 祣    ⮬ 䠩.  ਬ, 
     ᮧ  䠩    믮 `cvs add'.

   ⮡ 筨 ﭨ 䠩, `cvs status' ⠪
ᮮ頥  `Working revision', 饩 ॢ, 
᭮ ன ᮧ 䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫, 
`Repository revision', 饩 ᢥ襩 ॢ 
९ਨ, 室饩  ᯮ㥬 ⪥.

     `status' ᫥  *Note 맮 CVS::.
ଠ  `Sticky tag'  `Sticky date' 室  *Note
 ⪨::.  ଠ  `Sticky options' 室 
ᠭ 䫠 `-k'  *Note   update::.

    `status'  `update'  ᬠਢ 
ᮮ⢥騥  .  `update' ᯮ 
祭 ᠬ ᢥ 䠩,  `status' -- 
᭥,   ந, ᫨ 믮 `update'
(筮, ﭨ ९    ⮣,
  믮 `update').   ⢨⥫쭮, ᫨ 
 㧭 ﭨ 䠩   ⪮ ଥ,
믮

     $ cvs -n -q update

     ப `-n' 㪠뢠  믮
,   ᮮ  ﭨ 䠩; `-q' 
⠥   ⠫.   ଠ 
 `update'    *Note 맮 CVS::.

祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩
===============================

   ᫨     ॢ 䠩 
ꥤ   㣮 ॢ, ᯮ 
`update'.  ᫨    ॢ 䠩,  
 ⭠ `checkout': ᢥ ॢ 
 ९  頥  ࠡ稩 ⠫.

      䠩  ,   ᯮ
`update'.  ᫨  ᢥ ॢ  ,
믮 `update' 祣  ᤥ.  ᫨ 
।஢ 䠩,   ९ਨ   
 ॢ,   ꥤ  襩 ࠡ祩
.

   ਬ, ।⠢ ᥡ,    ॢ 1.4 
砫 ।஢ .    ६ -  ⨫ 
९਩ ॢ 1.5 , ᪮, ॢ 1.6.  ᫨
⥯  믮  `update', CVS  
 ॢﬨ 1.4  1.6   䠩.

   ᫨   ॢﬨ 1.4  1.6 稫
᫨誮   訬 , ந室
"祭".   ⠪   ࠭ 뤠
।०,   १饬 䠩 뢠 
ᨨ ᥪ ப, ࠧ ᯥ樠묨
થࠬ.  *Note  update::,   ᠭ
 `update'.

ਬ 䫨
================

   ।,  ॢ 1.4 䠩 `driver.c' ᮤন
⠪ :

     #include <stdio.h>
     
     void main()
     {
         parse();
         if (nerr == 0)
             gencode();
         else
             fprintf(stderr, "No code generated.\n");
         exit(nerr == 0 ? 0 : 1);
     }

 1.6 䠩 `driver.c' ᮤন ⠪ :

     #include <stdio.h>
     
     int main(int argc,
              char **argv)
     {
         parse();
         if (argc != 1)
         {
             fprintf(stderr, "tc: No args expected.\n");
             exit(1);
         }
         if (nerr == 0)
             gencode();
         else
             fprintf(stderr, "No code generated.\n");
         exit(!!nerr);
     }

 ࠡ  䠩 `driver.c', ᭮  ॢ
1.4, । 믮 `cvs update' ᮤন ⠪ :

     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <stdio.h>
     
     void main()
     {
         init_scanner();
         parse();
         if (nerr == 0)
             gencode();
         else
             fprintf(stderr, "No code generated.\n");
         exit(nerr == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
     }

 믮 `cvs update':

     $ cvs update driver.c
     RCS file: /usr/local/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/driver.c,v
     retrieving revision 1.4
     retrieving revision 1.6
     Merging differences between 1.4 and 1.6 into driver.c
     rcsmerge warning: overlaps during merge
     cvs update: conflicts found in driver.c
     C driver.c

CVS ᮮ頥,   ⨫  䫨⠬.  
室 ࠡ稩 䠩 ࠭  `.#driver.c.1.4'.  
 `driver.c' ᮤন ⠪ :

     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <stdio.h>
     
     int main(int argc,
              char **argv)
     {
         init_scanner();
         parse();
         if (argc != 1)
         {
             fprintf(stderr, "tc: No args expected.\n");
             exit(1);
         }
         if (nerr == 0)
             gencode();
         else
             fprintf(stderr, "No code generated.\n");
     <<<<<<< driver.c
         exit(nerr == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
     =======
         exit(!!nerr);
     >>>>>>> 1.6
     }

,  ᥪ騥 䨪樨 祭  
ࠡ ,  ᥪ ᥪ ⪮ 祭
ப `<<<<<<<', `=======' and `>>>>>>>'.

    䫨 , ।஢ 䠩, 㤠
થ   ਠ.  ।,  १ 
 稫 ⠪ 䠩:
     #include <stdlib.h>
     #include <stdio.h>
     
     int main(int argc,
              char **argv)
     {
         init_scanner();
         parse();
         if (argc != 1)
         {
             fprintf(stderr, "tc: No args expected.\n");
             exit(1);
         }
         if (nerr == 0)
             gencode();
         else
             fprintf(stderr, "No code generated.\n");
         exit(nerr == 0 ? EXIT_SUCCESS : EXIT_FAILURE);
     }

     䠩  ९਩ 
⢥ ॢ 1.7.

     $ cvs commit -m "Initialize scanner. Use symbolic exit values." driver.c
     Checking in driver.c;
     /usr/local/cvsroot/yoyodyne/tc/driver.c,v  <--  driver.c
     new revision: 1.7; previous revision: 1.6
     done

   ⮡  , CVS ⪠ 䨪஢ 䠩, ᫨
  ந襫 䫨      ࠢ.  
騩   ࠧ襭 䫨 㦭 
 䨪樨 䠩.   ।  CVS  ⠪
ॡ 㡥,  䠩  ᮤন થ஢
䫨.     䠩 ⢨⥫쭮  ᮤঠ
થ 䫨⮢ (ᨬ `>>>>>>>>'  砫 ப, 
騥 䫨),   ⥪饩 ᨨ CVS 뤠
।०  䨪 䠩.

   ᫨  ᯮ `pcl-cvs' (窠  CVS  Emacs)
ᨨ 1.04  ,   ᯮ짮  emerge,
騩 ࠧ 䫨.   㬥 
`pcl-cvs'.

ନ஢   䨪஢ ॢ
============================================

    뢠  ନ஢ ᢮ ,  
䨪  ॢ 䠩.   ᯮ짮 
`-i'  䠩 `modules'  䠩 `loginfo' 
⮬⨧樨 ⮣ .  *Note  modules::.  *Note
 loginfo::.   ᯮ짮   CVS 
⮣, ⮡ 㪠 CVS, ਬ, 뫠 ⮢
ᮮ饭 ᥬ ࠧࠡ稪   ᮮ饭 
 㯯 ⥩.

  ᪮쪨 ࠧࠡ稪  CVS
================================================

   ᫨ ᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪  ६
믮 CVS,     ⠪ ᮮ饭:

     [11:43:23] waiting for bach's lock in /usr/local/cvsroot/foo

   CVS ⠥    30 ᥪ㭤, 
 ᯥ譮 믮 ,   ⠥ ᮮ饭,
᫨  㦭 .  ᫨ ஢ ࠭
᫨誮 ,  ⮣,  ᮧ    ,
    믮.  ᫨   믮 
CVS, ﭨ  ⠫ ९, 㯮 
ᮮ饭,  㤠 䠩,   稭 
`#cvs.rfl', `#cvs.wfl',  `#cvs.lock', ਭ騥
㪠 짮⥫.

   ,   ஢ ।  
७   CVS     ⭮襭
 ᫮ "஢"  ⮬ ᫥,  ᯮ 
RCS  砥 ஢ 祭 (*note ᪮쪮
ࠧࠡ稪::).

   ࠭祭 ⢮ 짮⥫ 
६  ९਩; ⮫쪮  -
 㤠, ஢ ९ 稬  , ⠪
 .

    뫮  ,  ୮ ᫥饥 ⢥ত:

     ᫨ - 䨪 ᪮쪮   
     CVS,   `update', 믮 - ,
        ,     .

    ᮦ,  ࠡ  CVS  ⢥ত _୮_.
ਬ, ᫨  䠩

     a/one.c
     a/two.c
     b/three.c
     b/four.c

 - 믮

     cvs ci a/two.c b/three.c

 ⥬ -     ᠬ ६ 믮 `cvs
update',       `b/three.c', 
    `a/two.c'.

 ᫥,  । 䠩?
=====================================

    設⢠ 㯯 ᯮ짮 CVS  ० 
㬮砭 ᮢ襭 筮.  짮⥫  ,
⠢ 䨪஢ , 㦨,  蠥
㣮 ,   ࠢ  ⨬   
䨪 ᢮ .   㣨 㯯 ।
,   䠩 ।, ⠪  ᫨ 
祫  ।஢     䠩,  
।    㣮,   㤥
, ⮡   ஡   䨪஢.
, ᠭ  ⮩ ,  ⠪
न樨, ࠭  ।஢ 
䠩  ࠧࠡ稪 ६.

    祭 ᨬ쭮 २⢠ ࠧࠡ稪
 ᯮ짮 `cvs edit' (  `chmod'), ⮡ ᤥ
䠩 㯭묨  ⥭/,  `cvs release' ( 
`rm')  㤠 ࠡ祣 ⠫,   
ᯮ.  CVS   㤨   ⠪.

   CVS ᫥  ।묨 䠩?
---------------------------------------------------

    ⮣, ⮡  ᯮ짮 㭪樨 ᫥,
᭠砫 㪠,   䠩 㦭 ᫥.

 - : cvs watch on [`-lR'] 䠩 ...
      砥,  ࠧࠡ稪 㦭 믮
      `cvs edit' । ।஢ .  
     ⮣, ⮡   ⮬ ࠧࠡ稪, CVS
     ᮧ ࠡ稥    ० ⮫쪮 
     ⥭.

     ᫨ ।    ⠫, CVS 砥
     ᫥  ᥬ 䠩, 室騬 
     ᮮ⢥饬 ⠫ ९  ⮬᪨
     砥 ० ᫥  ᥬ 䠩, 
       쭥襬   ⠫;  
     짮⥫  ⥣ 㢥  
     ⠫.  ন ⠫ ࠡ뢠
     ४ᨢ, ᫨ ⮫쪮     ப
     `-l'.   `-R'   ४ᨢ
     , ᫨  䠩 `~/.cvsrc'  뫮 몫祭
        `-l' (*note ~/.cvsrc::).

     ᫨ ᯨ᮪ 䠩 ய饭,  㬮砭
     ࠡ뢠 ⥪騩 ⠫.


 - : cvs watch off [`-lR'] 䠩 ...
      砥,   祭  㦭 ᮧ
       ० ⮫쪮  ⥭; ⠪ ࠧ,
     ࠧࠡ稪     
     室 ᯮ짮 `cvs edit'  `cvs unedit'.
     CVS 㤥    筮 ०, ᫨
     ⮫쪮  䠩  ⠭ ᯥ樠 ࠢ
     㯠, ࠧ襭   祢 ᫮
     `PreservePermissions'  ⨢ 䠩
     `config'; . *Note 樠 䠩::,  ⠪ *Note
      config::.

         ப ࠡ뢠 筮
     ⠪ ,    `cvs watch on'.


CVS  뫠  㢥
----------------------------------

     ᪠ CVS,  ⥫  
㢥  ࠧࠧ ⢨, ᮢ襭 
䠩.   ਭ樯   ᤥ   ᯮ짮
`cvs watch on',  筮   㤥 ᯮ짮 
ࠧ `cvs watch on', ⮡ 㣨 ࠧࠡ稪 ᯮ짮
 `cvs edit'.

 - : cvs watch add [`-a' ⢨] [`-lR'] 䠩 ...
      ⥪饣 짮⥫  ᯨ᮪ , 
       㢥  ⢨, ᮢ蠢
      .

       ப `-a'  ⨯ ᮡ⨩, 
      ᫥ 뫠 㢥.   -- 

    `edit'
          㣮 짮⥫ 믮  䠩 
          `cvs edit' (ᠭ ).

    `unedit'
          㣮 짮⥫ 믮  `cvs unedit'
          (ᠭ )   `cvs release', 
          㤠 䠩    `cvs update'
          ᮧ  .

    `commit'
          㣮 짮⥫ 䨪஢  
          䠩.

    `all'
            ⢨.

    `none'
              ⢨.  (   
          `cvs edit', ᠭ .)

      `-a'  㪠 ᪮쪮 ࠧ   
     㪠뢠,  ⮬ 砥  㬮砭 ᯮ
     `all'.

         ப ࠡ뢠 ⠪ ,
         `cvs watch'.


 - : cvs watch remove [`-a' ⢨] [`-lR'] 䠩
          ...
        㢥, ᮧ   `cvs
     watch add'; 㬥   ᠬ.  ᫨ 
       ப `-a',  ⮫쪮 㤠 ⮫쪮
     ᫥  㪠묨 ⢨ﬨ.


    ॡ ࠢ 㢥, CVS 頥 
⨢ 䠩 `notify'.   䠩 
।஢ 筮 ⠪ ,   㣨 ⨢
䠩 (*note   ⨢ 䠩::).
⠪ ⮣ 䠩  㣨 ⨢ 䠩
(*note ⠪::),   ப ⮨ 
ॣ୮ ࠦ  ,   믮.
  ᮤঠ  ⢥ 㯮
ᨬ `%s',      짮⥫,
ண 㦭 㢥;  ⠫쭠 ଠ ।
⮩   ⠭ 室.  筮  䠩 `notify'
頥 ⠪ ப:

     ALL mail %s -s \"CVS notification\"

    १ ᥣ ⮣ 짮⥫ 
㢥  ஭ .

   ,  ᫨  ந   ⠪, 
᪠ ,  짮⥫   㢥
 ࢥ.  筮 ,   ਯ `notify',
 ७ࠢ 㢥  㣮 , , 
, CVS   ,  ஬ ᫥
뫠 㢥 짮⥫.   ⮣ ᮧ 
`CVSROOT' 䠩 `users',  ஬  ப  
:.    ⮣, ⮡ ᯮ짮
 짮⥫, CVS 㤥 ᯮ짮 .

   CVS  㢥    ᮡ⢥ .  
騩  ஢ઠ ந, ᭮뢠  
짮⥫,  ᮢ蠥 ⢨, ਢ騥 
뫪 㢥.  , 㭪 ᫥  ࠧ
ᮮ頥 ⮫쪮   , ᤥ 
짮⥫.  ⭮, 뫮   , ᫨ 
⤥쭮 ᫥ 楫 ࠡ稥 ⠫, ⮬
⠪  뫮   .

 ।஢ 䠩,  묨 ?
-----------------------------------------------

     䠩,   ᫥ -,  
० ⮫쪮  ⥭,       
।஢ .   ⮣, ⮡ ᤥ  㯭
   ᮮ ⠫,   
।஢  䠩, ᯮ  `cvs edit'.
 ⥬ 뢠  "祭", 
짮⥫ CVS 㦥 ᯮ  ନ  ᫥
"祭  室 ⥪⮢" (*note 祭
室 ::),   ,  ᢮ ।, 㣨
⥬ 뢠 "".

 - : cvs edit [] 䠩 ...
     ⮢  ।஢ ࠡ稥 䠩.  CVS
       㯭묨  ⥭   
     㢥 짮⥫,  㢥 
     ।஢ -  㪠 䠩.

      `cvs edit' ਭ ⠪   
     ப,    `cvs watch add',  ⠭
     ६ ᫥    짮⥫; CVS
     ४ ᫥,  㤥 믮 
     `unedit'   `commit'.  ᫨ 짮⥫ 
       㢥,   㪠  `-a
     none'.

         ப ࠡ뢠 筮
     ⠪ ,     `cvs watch'.

     *।०:* ᫨  ९ਨ ࠧ襭 
     `PreservePermissions' (*note  config::),  CVS 
     㤥  ࠢ 㯠  .  稭 ⮣
      -- 㡥,  `cvs edit'  蠥
     ࠭ ࠢ 㯠  䠩  CVS-९ਨ.


   筮,    ।஢ 䠩,
ᯮ  `cvs commit',  ஢ 
  ୥ 䠩,  묨 ந
᫥,  筮 ﭨ ⮫쪮  ⥭.  ᫨ 
  ⮣  ⬥ ,   
⠭ 祣 , ᯮ  `cvs unedit'.

 - Command: cvs unedit [`-lR'] files ...
         ࠡ 䠩 FILES 
     ਢ   ᮮ⢥⢨  ॢ  ९ਨ.
     ᫨ - ᨫ 㢥  
     - 䠩,  CVS   䠩 㯭묨
     ⮫쪮  ⥭.  CVS 㢥 짮⥫,
      ᨫ 㢥   `unedit'.

       ப  ᯨ᮪ 䠩 ࠡ뢠
     筮 ⠪ ,    `cvs watch'.

     ᫨ ᫥  ᯮ,  `unedit',
     ⭮,  ࠡ⠥,  ⢥ ᯮᮡ 
     䠩   ﭨ,  ஬  室 
     ९ਨ -- 㤠   ᯮ짮 `cvs update'
      祭  .  ⨪ ⮩ 樨
     筠  `unedit': 㤠  
       ⠪  ,  뫨 饭
      ९਩   ,    ᫥ ࠧ
     﫨 ᢮ ࠡ .

    ᯮ짮 ⥢ CVS   ᯮ짮
 `cvs edit'  `cvs unedit',  ᫨ CVS  ᬮ
ᯥ譮 ᮥ  ࢥ஬.    ᫠
 ᫥饬 ᯥ譮 믮 -  CVS.

ଠ  ⮬,  ᫥   ।
----------------------------------------------

 - : cvs watchers [`-lR'] files ...
     뤠 ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫,  ᫥
       FILES.    䠩  ⮢
       ᫥饣.

       ப  ᯨ᮪ 䠩 ࠡ뢠
     ⠪ ,     `cvs watch'.


 - : cvs editors [`-lR'] files ...
     뤠 ᯨ᮪ 짮⥫,   ⥪騩 
     ࠡ  䠩 FILES.   ⮢ 
     짮⥫, ६,  짮⥫ 砫 ࠡ
      䠩,  ⠪ 設  ࠡ稩 ⠫  , 
     ஬ 室  䠩.

     ᮪ 䠩    ப ࠡ뢠
     筮 ⠪ ,     `cvs watch'.


ᯮ짮 ᫥  묨 ﬨ CVS
----------------------------------------------

   ᫨  ᯮ  ᫥ 
९ਥ,    ᮧ ⠫ `CVS/',  
࠭ ଠ  ᫥  䠩 
ᮮ⢥饣 ⠫.  ᫨  ⠥
ᯮ짮  ⮬ ९ਨ CVS ᨨ 1.6  ࠭, 
 ⠪ ᮮ饭  訡:

     cvs update: cannot open CVS/Entries for reading:
     No such file or directory

   믮塞 , ᪮॥ ᥣ, 㤥 ࢠ.  
ᯮ짮  ᫥    CVS,
 ᯮ  ९਩  쭮 
ࢥ୮ ०.  ᫨    ᮢ ,
ᯮ  `watch off'  `watch remove', ⮡
㤠  ᫥,  ⥬ ⠭ ९਩ 
ﭨ,    ࠡ CVS 1.6.

롮  ஢묨  ஢묨 祭ﬨ
==========================================================

   ஢  ஢ 祭  ᢮
""  "⨢".  筮 ᪠,    ᭮
 ,   ਭ⮣  㯯 ⨫ ࠡ.
祬 ,  ⪮ ᠭ  
ᮢ.   ⢮ ᯮᮡ ࣠
 ࠧࠡ稪.  CVS  ⠥ ᨫ쭮 
- ᯮᮡ. CVS --   㬥, 
 ᯮ짮 ࠧ묨 ᯮᮡ.

   ஢ 祭  뢠 ⥫쭮
ﭨ  ந⥫쭮.  ᫨  祫 
।஢ ࠧ  䠩,   
稭  -   ᤥ ?  
 ⠪  ஢ 䠩, ।
।஢ ,  ⥬   ஢.

   , 筮 ,     ஢묨
祭ﬨ, 筮 訢,   
䫨  ᯮ짮 ஢ 祭, 
᪮ ᫮  ࠧ.   ࠧࠧ 㯯
,  ⠪ 䫨  ।  筮 
 ࠧ ⭮⥫쭮 ᯮ.

     䫨⮢  㤨,  
ᮧ,    ⮫쪮   ࠧࠡ稪
室      । ᪠
; ⠪ 宦 ᢨ⥫  ⮬,  ,
० ᥣ,  頫   㣮  ࠧ.
 ⮣, ⮡ 㤭  ᫮ __ ⥬
஫ 室 ⥪⮢, ࠧࠡ稪   
ࠧᨩ   饣  ⥬; 
⢨ ⠪, ᥪ騥  筮
ࠧ .

      ஢ 祭
ᮢ襭 筮  室騬.  ᫨  䠩,
  ।,   㬥 
᫨ﭨ (ਬ, 䠩, ᮧ ⥪⮢ ஬,
  䠩, ᮧ   CAD-⥬),  室
 ணࠬ,  ᯮ ଠ 䠩 
 ᫨ﭨ, ⥫,  ࠧ襭
䫨⮢, ᪮॥ ᥣ, 㤥 ⮫ ,  㤥
  , ᯮ ஢ 祭.

    ᫥, ᠭ ,   *Note
::,   ஬筮  
஢묨  ஢묨 ﬨ.   
। 䠩,  㧭,   । .
⥬,  ⮣, ⮡    
।஢ 䠩,      
ᠬ ,     砩 ஡
 .   ࠧ,   㯯 堭
᫥   ꥤ  
஢  ஢ .

ࠢ ॢﬨ
********************

   ᫨  ⠫  ⮣ , , ⭮, 㦥
筮  ,   ᤥ   CVS.
 ⮩  ᪠뢠    ⮬,  
।⮨   ᥡ.

   ᫨   ࠧࠡ⪮  , ᯮ
CVS, , ⭮,  ய  .  ,
  ⮩ , ⠭ ,  
९ਥ ࠡ⠥   짮⥫.

 䨪஢ ?
============================

    襩 㯯  ,  ⨪ ਬ 
⭮襭  䨪஢ .   ᪮쪮
室,  , ⭮,  ,  ࠨ ,
  騢 .

   ᫨  䨪  ᫨誮 ,  
䨪஢ 䠩,     ஢.
᫨  ⭥  ᢮ ࠡ ,  
  䠩  訡,    ᬮ ᪮஢
஥.   㣮 ஭, ᫨  㤥 䨪஢
 祭 ।,  㣨 ⭨  ᬮ
ᯮ짮 訬 襭ﬨ,  䫨 ⠭
 .

   筮  䨪, 㡥,  ࠩ
,   䠩 .   
࣠ ॡ, ⮡ 䠩 諨  ⮢.
 ⨪     䠩 `commitinfo'
(*note  commitinfo::),  ᫥  㬠,
० 祬 ⠭ ⠪ ॡ.  १୮ 㢥稢
஫  ࠧࠡ⪮,   ⥫쭮
⢨   ⨦ 楫,   ᠭ
ࠡ饣 த.

⠭ 祢 ᫮
*************************

     । 室 䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫,
 ᥣ  㧭     `cvs status' 
`cvs log'.   ⮫쪮  ᯮ 䠩  襩 ।
ࠧࠡ⪨, ⠭ ࠧ ᫮ 㧭,  ॢ
  䠩.

    ⮣, ⮡   䨪樨 䠩, CVS 
ᯮ짮 堭,   "⠭ 祢
᫮" ( " 祢 ᫮").  ப 
`$_$'  `$_:...$'  䠩
 ப  `$_:$' 
ࠧ,   砥  ॢ 䠩.

᮪ 祢 ᫮
====================

    ᯨ᮪ 祢 ᫮:

`$Author$'
      짮⥫,  ⨫ ॢ 
     ९਩.

`$Date$'
       ६ ( UTC),  뫠 䨪஢ ॢ.

`$Header$'
     ⠭ , ᮤঠ騩   RCS-䠩,
      ॢ,   UTC,  , ﭨ  
     짮⥫, ஢襣  䠩 (᫨ 䠩
     ஢).   筮   
     ᯮ짮 CVS.

`$Id$'
     筮 ⠪ ,  `$Header$', ⮫쪮  RCS-䠩
     㪠   .

`$Name$'
      ⪨, ᯮ짮  祭 ⮣ 䠩.
      祢 ᫮ ⠢, ⮫쪮 ᫨ 
     祭 뫮    ⪨.  ਬ, 
     믮  `cvs co -r first'  祢
     ᫮   `Name: first'.

`$Locker$'
      짮⥫,  ஢  ॢ
     (⮥, ᫨ 䠩  ஢,  筮 
     뢠, ᫨  ᯮ짮  `cvs admin -l').

`$Log$'
     ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭, ஥ 뫮   ६
     䨪樨 , ।    RCS-䠩,
      ॢ,      UTC.  騥
     ୠ ᮮ襭 __ .   ⮣,
      ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭  ᫥
     `$Log:...$'.    ப ᮤন  砫 
      ᠬ ப,  室 । 祢
     ᫮ `$Log$'.  ਬ, ᫨  䠩 室

            /* Here is what people have been up to:
             *
             * $Log: frob.c,v $
             * Revision 1.1  1997/01/03 14:23:51  joe
             * Add the superfrobnicate option
             *
             */

      । ⥫묨 ப,  
       祢 ᫮ `$Log$', 㤥 室 `
      * '.   ⫨稥  । ᨩ CVS  RCS,
     "䨪 "  RCS-䠩  ᯮ.
     祢 ᫮ `$Log$'    
     ୠ   室 䠩,   ᪮쪨
     稭   ਢ  । ஡.
     *Note 祢 ᫮ Log::.

`$RCSfile$'
      RCS-䠩   .

`$Revision$'
      ॢ.

`$Source$'
       RCS-䠩.

`$State$'
     ﭨ, ᢮ ॢ.  ﭨ 
        `cvs admin -s' -- . *Note
       admin::.

ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮
===========================

    ⮣, ⮡   䠩 祢 ᫮, 
   , ਬ, `$Id$',  ⥬ 䨪
䠩.  CVS ⮬᪨  祢 ᫮  ६
樨 䨪஢.

   筮 ࠪ⨪  饭 ப `$Id$' 
室 䠩, ⮡    ᪮஢
ꥪ 䠩.  ਬ, ᫨  ࠢ 室묨
⥪⠬ ணࠬ,   ᮧ ६,  
 樠樨  ப  `$Id$'.  
 몠 C ন ४⨢ `#pragma ident'.
⥬ ࠢ 㬥⠬  ᯥ稢 ᯮᮡ 
। ⮩ ப  १騥 䠩.

   ணࠬ `ident',    RCS, 
ᯮ짮  祭  䠩 祢 ᫮  
祭.      ࠡ  ⥪⮢묨 䠩, 
ᮡ   祭 祢 ᫮  
䠩.

     $ ident samp.c
     samp.c:
          $Id: samp.c,v 1.5 1993/10/19 14:57:32 ceder Exp $
     $ gcc samp.c
     $ ident a.out
     a.out:
          $Id: samp.c,v 1.5 1993/10/19 14:57:32 ceder Exp $

   SCCS --   ୠ ⥬ ஫ ॢ.  
 ⠢ 室 ணࠬ `what', 祭 宦  `ident'
 ᯮ    楫.    ,  
⠭  RCS, ⮨ SCCS.    `what' 
᫥⥫쭮 ᨬ `@(#)',   쭮
 ⠢ 祢 ᫮,  㦨
 ணࠬ.    । 祢 ᫮
 ⨫ RCS 襡 ࠧ  ⨫ SCCS, ਬ:

     static char *id="@(#) $Id: ab.c,v 1.5 1993/10/19 14:57:32 ceder Exp $";

  ⠭
========================

   ⠭ 祢 ᫮  ᢮ ⪨.  
뢠 㦭, ⮡ ப `$Author$'   䠩 
⮣, ⮡ CVS ஢   祢 ᫮ 
  - ⨯ `$Author: ceder $'.

    ᮦ,  롮筮 ⪫ ⠭
祢 ᫮.    ᯮ짮  
ப `-ko' (*note  ⠭::), ⮡ 
몫  ⠭.

       㦭  ᯮ짮
祢 ᫮  室 ⥪,  ᬮ  , 
   筮 த.  ਬ, 室 ⥪
⮣ 㪮⢠ ᮤন `$@asis{}Author$' , 
  ப `$Author$'.   ᯮ짮
`nroff'  `troff'    祢 ᫮ 㫥
ᨬ `\&', ⮡   䥪.

 ⠭
==================

      䠩 ࠭  ० ⠭
祢 ᫮  㬮砭,    䠩  ࠡ祬
⠫ ⠪  ० ⠭.    㬮砭
    `-k'  `cvs add'  `cvs
admin'; ०  ࠡ祬 ⠫    祩
`-k'  `-A'  `cvs checkout'  `cvs update'.  
`cvs diff' ⠪   `-k'.   ਬ
ਢ  *Note  䠩::.

   㯭 ० ⠪:

`-kkv'
     ஢ ப  祢 ᫮ ⠭
     ࠧ,    祢 ᫮ `Revision'
     砥 `$Revision: 5.7 $'.

`-kkvl'
      `-kkv',  ⮫쪮 ᥣ 㪠뢠 
     ஢襣 짮⥫, ᫨  ॢ 
     騩  ஢.   ஢騪
       ⮫쪮 ᫨ ᯮ `cvs admin -l'.

`-kk'
     ஢ ⮫쪮  祢 ᫮  ᪠ 
     祭.  ਬ,  祢 ᫮ `Revision'
     砥 ப `$Revision$',   `$Revision: 5.7
     $'.      ஢ ,
      - 祢 ᫮,  ࠢ ࠧ
     ॢ 䠩.

`-ko'
       ப, ⢮  ࠡ祬
     䠩 । ⥬,    䨪஢.  ਬ,
      祢 ᫮ `Revision'  ப
     `$Revision: 1.1 $'  `$Revision: 5.7 $', ᫨ 
     뫠 ᠭ  ⠪,  䠩  饭 
     ९਩.

`-kb'
      `-ko',  ⠪ ।頥 ८ࠧ
     ᨬ  ப  ᪮ ମ, 
     ன  ࠭  ९ਨ (⮫쪮 ᨬ
     ॢ ப),  ମ, ਭ⮩  ᯮ㥬
     樮 ⥬.   UNIX- ⥬, 
       襭 ப ᯮ ᨬ
     ॢ ப,  ० ᮢ  `-ko'.
     ⥫쭠 ଠ   䠩 室 
     *Note  䠩::.

`-kv'
      ⮫쪮 祭 祢 ப.  ਬ,
      祢 ᫮ `Revision'  ப
     `5.7'  `$Revision: 5.7 $'.     
     樨 䠩  몠 ணࠬ஢,  
     ᫮   ப ࠧ⥫ 祢 ᫮,
     ⠪   `$Revision: $'.  , 쭥
     ⠭ 祢 ᫮    ⢫,
      㤠 祢 ᫮, ⮬   㦭
     ᯮ짮 ஦.

      뢠  ᯮ짮 `-kv' ᮢ⭮ 
      `cvs export' -- *note  export::.
      ⮫쪮,    ४⭮ ᯮ
      䠩.

஡  祢 ᫮ $Log$.
=================================

   祢 ᫮ `$Log$' 쭮-⠪ ᯮ୮.   
ࠡ⠥  ஥⮬, ଠ  㯭  
ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮ `$Log$':   맮
`cvs log'.    ᯮ 䠩, ଠ  
ਨ   砥 ࠪ᪨ ᯮ.

     ⥫⢮  ,  CVS 
᫨誮  ࠢ  㭪⠬ `$Log$',  ⪠
ꥤ  ᭮ ⢮.   १ ⠪
ꥤ   䫨.

      "ࠢ" ୠ  
䠩, ࠢ 䮣᪨   䠪᪨ 訡.
 १ ଠ  `cvs log'  ᮢ 
ଠ樥  䠩.     (    )
஡  ॠ쭮 ࠡ.

   砫 ४樨  祢 ᫮ `$Log$' 
 䠩 (᫨  㦭 ᯮ짮  ᫮).  
⮬ 砥  ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭    㤥
 ⥭ 室 䠩.

  㦨 室묨 ⥪⠬
*************************************

   ᫨   ணࠬ, ⮡  
ᮮ⢥⢮ 訬 㦤,  , ⭮, 
 ࠧ ᤥ   ᠬ ,  
  ணࠬ.  CVS    ⮩ 祩.

    ନ, ᯮ㥬  CVS,   ࣠,
।⠢  ⥪ ணࠬ, 뢠
"⠢騪".   ॢ ⠫  
⠢ 頥  ⤥ ,  뢠
"⪠ ந⥫".  CVS १ࢨ  ⮩ 楫 
 ஬ `1.1.1'.

      室 ⥪  䨪
,   뢠  ᭮ ⢮.  
⠢騪 ᪠   ணࠬ,  頥 
  ந⥫     ᭮
⢮.

   ᯮ  `import'  ᮧ  
⪨ ந⥫.      䠩,
⪠ ந⥫ ⠭ "" ॢ (`HEAD'),
⮬ ,    䠩,  
ॢ.    䨪樨 䨪, 
  ᭮ ⢮  ⠭ ""
(`HEAD') ॢ.

砫 
================

   ᯮ  `import'  砫쭮 饭
室 ⥪⮢  ९਩.   ᫥ 㦨
室  ᯮ짮 "⪨ ⠢騪"  "⪨
५".  "⪠ ⠢騪" --  ᨬ᪮ 
⪨ (ᥣ 饩  `1.1.1', ᫨  
ᯮ짮 䫠 `-b '. *Note ᪮쪮 ⮪
⠢騪::.  "⪨ ५" --  ᨬ᪨ 
⭮ ᨨ த, ਬ, `FSF_0_04'.

   ,  `import' __  ᮤন
⠫,  ஬ 맢  .   ⭮, 
⠫  ⠭ ࠡ稬 ⠫ CVS; ᫨  
ࠡ  室묨 ⥪⠬, ᭠砫  ,
⥬    㣮 ⠫ (*note 祭
室 ::).

   ।,     室 ⥪
ணࠬ,  뢠 `wdiff', 室騥 
⠫ `wdiff-0.04/',    ᤥ  
ᥡ,  ࠭ ,    .  筨
  室 ⥪⮢  ९਩:

     $ cd wdiff-0.04
     $ cvs import -m "Import of FSF v. 0.04" fsf/wdiff FSF_DIST WDIFF_0_04

    襯ਢ ਬ ⪠ ⠢騪 뢠
`FSF_DIST',  ⢥ ᢮ ⪠ ५ --
`WDIFF_0_04'.

   
============================

       室 ⥪⮢, 
   ९਩   ⠪  
`import',   ᯮ짮  砫쭮  
९਩.  ⢥ ࠧ稥 -- ⥯ 
ᯮ   ५.

     $ tar xfz wdiff-0.05.tar.gz
     $ cd wdiff-0.05
     $ cvs import -m "Import of FSF v. 0.05" fsf/wdiff FSF_DIST WDIFF_0_05

    䠩,   뫨 쭮 , 
ᮧ ॢ ⠭ 묨 ॢﬨ.  ᫨ 
  뫨 ᤥ,  `import'
।। ,    ᫨   ᭮
⢮  ᮢ ᯮ짮  ⮣  `checkout
-j'.

     $ cvs checkout -jFSF_DIST:yesterday -jFSF_DIST wdiff

㪠   ᫥  `wdiff',
ꥤ  ࠡ  , ᤥ  ⪥
⠢騪 `FSF_DIST'  譥 .  ᫨  
᫨ﭨ  䫨,   㦭 ࠧ 
ᯮᮡ (*note ਬ 䫨::), ⥬  䠩
 䨪஢.

   ᯮ짮 ,  । , ।,
      ᨨ த  .
᫨    ⠪,  ᥣ  ᯮ짮
- ⨯ ⠪:

     $ cvs checkout -jWDIFF_0_04 -jWDIFF_0_05 wdiff

 ⮬ 砥 襯ਢ  .

  ᫥ ᨨ  ⠢騪
========================================

    ⠪   ⬥   
  ᫥ ᨨ  ⠢騪, ⠭
 ॢ   ⠢騪   䠩.
ਬ, ᫨    祭  室 
`~/work.d/wdiff',      䠩  ⮬
⠫   ﭨ,  ஬  ।⠢ 
⠢騪, :

     $ cd ~/work.d/wdiff
     $ cvs admin -bWDIFF .

   `-bWDIFF'  ஡ ᫥ `-b'.  *Note
  admin::.

 ࠡ뢠  䠩    CVS
=================================================

   ᯮ  `-k', ⮡ ᪠  `import',
 䠩  묨.  *Note ⪨::.

 ࠡ뢠  祢 ᫮    CVS
=======================================================

   室 ⥪,   ,  ᮤঠ
祢 ᫮ (*note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::).
ਬ, ⠢騪  ᯮ짮 CVS  -
 ⥬,  ᯮ 宦 ᨭ⠪
⠭ 祢 ᫮.  ᫨   
䠩,  ᮤন 祢 ᫮ 㤥  訬
CVS.  ⭮,  㤮 㤥 ⠢ 祢 ᫮
 ⮬ ,  ஬  뫨  襣 ⠢騪, ⮡
࠭ ଠ  室 ⥪.

   ⮡ ࠭ ᮤন 祢 ᫮,  
 `cvs import'  ࢮ   `-ko'.  
 몫  祢 ᫮  ⮣ 䠩,
⮬ ᫨ ,   롮筮 ᯮ짮
ࠧ  `-k'   `cvs update'  `cvs admin'.

᪮쪮 ⮪ ⠢騪
==========================

    ਬ  ⮣  ࠧ㬥,  
⮫쪮  ⠢騪,  ண  砥 室
⥪.        
⥪  ࠧ .  ਬ, ।,  
ࠡ⠥  ஥,  ஬  ࠧ  
  室  த.  
ࠧ ᯮᮡ ࠡ  ⠪ 樨,    
 ᪮쪮 ॢ쥢 室,  冷,  ,
   ᤥ --     CVS, ⮡ 
 ࠩ  室   .

    ࠡ⪨ 権,   ⠢騪 
,     `cvs import'  `-b'.
  ਭ  ⢥ ࠬ  ⪨
⠢騪.   㬮砭 ᯮ `-b 1.1.1'.

   ਬ, ।,    : ᭠ 
ᨭ,   뫠  室 ⥪.   
஢ १ ࠡ ᭮   
`1.1.1'  ᯮ짮  ⠢騪 `RED'.   ⠪
 ஢ ࠡ ᨭ    `1.1.3' 
ᯮ짮  ⠢騪 `BLUE'.   ⮬ 砥 
ᯮ짮 ⠪ :

     $ cvs import dir RED RED_1-0
     $ cvs import -b 1.1.3 dir BLUE BLUE_1-5

   ,  ᫨ ⪠ ⠢騪  ᮮ⢥
 `-b',  CVS     !  ਬ,

     $ cvs import -b 1.1.3 dir RED RED_1-0

 ஦; ⠪ 訡 ᮢ襭 筮 ਢ, 
襬 砥,  ࠧ㬥.    ਤ㬠
 楫   ७ ᮢ 
⮬ ,  ᫨  ਤ㬠 ⠪ ᯮᮡ,  
ᯮ .  ॥ ᥣ,  ᫥  CVS 
⠭ 訡.

  ⥬ ᡮન   CVS
*********************************************

    㯮  , CVS  ᮤন । 
ᡮન 襣 ஥  室 ⥪⮢.   ⮩ 
뢠,  CVS   ࠧ묨 ᯥ⠬
襩 ⥬ ᡮન.

    ᮬ, ᮡ  ,   RCS,
 " ᤥ ⠪, ⮡ ஥ ஢ 
ᠬ ᢥ 室 ⥪⮢".  ⢥   
祭.  -, ⠪  CVS  ४ᨢ
室 ॢ ⠫,   ॡ  
䠩 `Makefile' (  䠩,  ᯮ 訬
㬥⠬  ᡮન), ⮡ 㡥,   䠩
 ᠬ ᢥ.   ⮣  ᯮ 
, ᭠砫 `cvs -q update',  ⥬ `make'  
,   믮, ⮡  
⥬ ᡮન.  -,   易⥫쭮 ॡ
  ,  ᤥ - 㣮,
   稫 ᢮ ᮡ⢥ ࠡ.
 ᭠砫   室 ⥪, ⥬
ᤥ , ᮡ ஥, ஢ ,  ⥬
䨪஢  (᭠砫   室,
᫨ ॡ).  ਮ᪨ ( ஬⪥ 
ﬨ, ᯮ ᠭ 室)  
ॢ 室 ⥪⮢,    㢥७, 
 室 筮 ᢥ.

   筮 室 뢠,  ॢ 室
䠩 ᯮ짮  ஥ ⭮ ᨨ
த.   㭪樮쭮  뢠
"ᯨ᪮ ᯮ짮 ਠ".  訩 ᯮᮡ
 ⮣   CVS -- ᯮ짮  `tag'
(*note ⪨::).

   ᯮ CVS ⥩訬 ᯮᮡ,  ࠧࠡ稪
㤥   ᥣ ॢ 室, 
ᯮ짮    ஥.  ᫨ ॢ
讥,  ᫨ ࠧࠡ稪 㤠   㣠
᪨,   -- ।⥫쭮 襭.  
⢨⥫쭮   室  訬 ஥⠬
 ࠧ   訥 ⥬, 㥬 
⤥쭮,  ந 堭 ७ ५,
⮡  ࠧࠡ稪    ⥬, 
묨  ⨢ ࠡ⠥.

   㣮 室 -- ᮧ , 
ࠧࠡ稪  ᮡ⢥   䠩, 
 ⠫묨 䠩   業ࠫ쭮 ࠭.
 ।  ⥬, ᯮ ⠪
,  ᨬ᪨ 뫪, 騥 
 樮 ⥬,  堭 `VPATH',
ন  ﬨ ணࠬ `make'.
ਬ,   㬥⮢  ᡮન ஥,
ࠧࠡ⠭  ⮣,  Odin (.
`ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/distribs/odin').

樠 䠩
*****************

     ᫮ CVS ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮  묨
䠩.   䠩  ஥ ⠥ ⮩稢: 
 ,   ,    ᪮쪮
ࠧ.  CVS ⠪  ࠢ 㯠  楢
䠩, ।⠢ ࠧࠡ稪  ⠪  
६ ⠫樨.  㣨 ᫮,  ""
ன⢮  ९਩; ᫨ ன⢮   
, CVS ⪠ ࠡ뢠 .   ⠪ 
 ࠢ 㯠  楢  ६ ࠭権 
९ਨ.

   ᫨  ९ਨ ⠭ ६
`PreservePermissions' (*note  config::),  CVS
࠭  ९ਨ ⠪ ࠪ⨪ 䠩:

   * 짮⥫-  㯯- 䠩

   * ࠢ 㯠

   * ᭮  ᯮ⥫  ன⢠

   * ᨬ᪨ 뫪

   *  ⪨ 뫮

   ᯮ짮 樨 `PreservePermissions'  
 CVS  ᪮쪨 .  -, 
 樨, ন CVS  㯭 ᥬ
짮⥫.   ⭮,  䠩 
ࠪ⨪ ᯥ樠 䠩   ⮫쪮
㯥௮짮⥫.   ࠧ,  ६
䨣樨 `PreservePermissions' ⠭,
짮⥫   짮⥫ `root', ⮡
믮 樨  CVS.

    ᯮ `PreservePermission', 
樨 CVS (⠪,  `cvs status'),  ᬮ ।
 ⪨ 뫮 䠩,   뤠
।०  ᮢ ⪨ 뫪.  稭
⮣  ,  ७  CVS 
ᯥ稢 ⮣ ᯮᮡ ᮡ  ଠ 
⪨ 뫪, ⮬  ஢ 䫨 䠩,
 묨 묨.

    ⮭ ࠧ稥  ,  CVS ⠥, 
䠩 , ⮫쪮 ᫨   ᮤন
(ᮡ ᫨ ६ 䨪樨 ࠡ祣 䠩 
ᮢ  ६ 䨪樨 䠩  ९ਨ).
 ࠧ, ᫨  䠩  ⮫쪮 ࠢ
㯠, ,  ᭮  ᯮ⥫ 
ன⢠,  CVS   ⮣.   ⮣, ⮡
ਭ㤨⥫쭮  ⠪   ९਩,
ᯮ  `-f'  `cvs commit'.   ⠪
砥,  ᫨ ࠢ 㯠 䠩 ,  䠩 
९ਨ , 祬 ࠡ ,  믮 `cvs
update'   ࠢ 㯠  ࠡ祩 .

    ⪨ 뫮  ९ਨ CVS 
ᮡ ⮭ 楤ன.  ।,  䠩 `foo'
 易  䠩 `old',  ⥬ 易  䠩 `new'.
     ,  ᬮ 
,   `foo', `old'  `new'  ⢮ ⪨
뫮, ⮫쪮 䠩 `foo'  `new' 뫨 , ⮬
`old'   ⮬  䨪஢  ९ਨ.
 ࠧ  ਩  १⠬,
ᮮ⢥騬 ⢨⥫쭮.  ᫨ 室
࠭  ९ਨ ⪨ 뫪,  ४㥬
ਬ  `touch'  ᥬ 䠩,  뫪 
   ६ ᫥ 䨪樨.  
⢨⥫쭮, 뫮  ࠢ 믮 `touch *'
।  䨪樥, ᫨  ⠫ 室 ᫮
⥬ 뫮  䠩.

   ⮨ ,  ⮫쪮  䠩  
ꥤ,  稭, , , 祢.  ᫨
`cvs update'  `cvs checkout -j'  ꥤ
ᨬ 뫪   䠩,   䠩
ன   㣮,  CVS ᮮ  䫨 
⪠ ந ꥤ.     ᠬ ६
`cvs diff'  ᮮ  ࠧ  ⨬ 䠩,
⮬   䠩,  ᮤঠ騬 ⥪, 
ᮢ ⥪㠫 ࠢ.

   ࠬ `PreservePermissions'  ࠡ⠥ 
-ࢥ୮ ᨥ CVS.  㣨 ࠭祭 
,  ⪨ 뫪    䠩,
室騬   ⠫;  ⪨ 뫪 
ࠧ묨 ⠫  ন.

㪮⢮   CVS
***************************

    ⮬ ਫ 뢠   
CVS,    뢠 ⠫쭮; ⪨
ࠢ筨   CVS 室  *note 맮 CVS::.

   CVS
==========================

   騩 ଠ   CVS ⠪:

     cvs [ 樨_cvs ] _cvs [ 樨_ ] [ 㬥_ ]

`cvs'
      ᯮ塞 䠩 CVS.

`cvs_options'
        ப   
      CVS.    ᠭ .

`cvs_command'
       ᪮쪨 .    
     ᨭ,  㪠뢠  ࠢ筨  ⮩
     .   ⮫쪮  樨,   
      ய `_cvs': `cvs -H' 뤠
     ᯨ᮪ 㯭 ,  `cvs -v' ⮡ࠦ 
     CVS.

`command_options'
       ப, ᯥ   .

`command_args'
     㬥 .

    ᮦ,   ⠭  `ﬨ_cvs'
 `ﬨ_'.   `-l',   ᯮ 
⢥ 樨 CVS,  ⮫쪮  
.     ᯮ   , 
  㣮 祭,   ᯮ 
'訬 ⢮ .  㣨 ᫮, 
ਤ 襮ᠭ ⥣ਧ樨 ᫨誮 讣
祭,  頩  ⮣  㬥樨.

 室 CVS
==============

   CVS  ᮮ 뢠饩 ணࠬ, ᯥ譮 
訫   ,     "
室".   ᯮᮡ ஢ન  室  
樮 ⥬.  ਬ,  ਯ 窨 UNIX
६ `$?' ᮤন , ᫨ ᫥ 
⨫  ᯥ譮 室,    , ᫨
믮 ணࠬ 訫  訡.

   ᫨ CVS 믮 ᯥ譮,  頥  ᯥ譮
襭;   砥 訡 ணࠬ ⠥ ᮮ饭 
訡  頥  ᯥ譮 襭.  ᪫祭
  `cvs diff'.   頥  ᯥ譮
襭, ᫨  㦨 ࠧ稩,   
㤠筮 襭, ᫨ 뫨 㦥 ࠧ 
ந諠 訡.    ⠪   ᯥ稢
⮣ ᯮᮡ 㦥 訡,  饬, ⭮,
 `cvs diff' 㤥 , ⮡  ᥡ 
稬  CVS.

  㬮砭  䠩 ~/.cvsrc
==================================

    ।   CVS, 
ᯮ ⮫ ,    ந  
- ⨯ ᨭ.  ᭮ ਬ஬ (  
ਢ  প 䠩 `~/.cvsrc')  , 
  ࠢ ⠭⭠ ଠ 뤠 ,
 ᯮ   `diff',   ।
⥪  㭨஢ 뤠 , 
룫 ⥫쭮 .

    `~/.cvsrc' --  ᯮᮡ ⠭  
㬮砭   CVS,  ᯮ ᨭ, ਯ⮢
窨  . .

   ଠ 䠩 `~/.cvsrc' .     ப, 
砫 ᮢ   믮塞  CVS.  ᫨
ᮢ ப ,  ⮪ ப 饯
   ப     ப
_।_ 砬  饩  ப.

   ᫨      (ਬ, `checkout' 
`co'),   ᪠ ᯮ 樠쭮 , 
易⥫쭮 ᮢ饥  ⥬,  ᯮ짮  맮
CVS.   ࠧ, ᫨ ᮤন 䠩 `~/.cvsrc'
⠪:

     log -N
     diff -u
     update -P
     checkout -P

  㬥⠬  `cvs checkout foo'  
`-P',  筮   ᠬ ந   `cvs co
foo'.

    ᯮ짮 襯ਢ 䠩  `cvs
diff foobar' 㤥 뤠   㭨஢
ଠ.  `cvs diff -c foobar' 㤥,  筮, 뤠
⥪ .  祭   "஬"
ଠ   ᫮, ⮬    `diff' 
ᯮᮡ  뤠  "஬" ଠ, ⮬ 
ॡ ᯮ짮 `cvs -f diff foobar'.

        ᯮ짮 `cvs', ⮡
   (*note  ::).
ਬ, ⠪ ப  䠩 `~/.cvsrc' 
ᯮ짮 ⮣ ஢ ᨨ:

     cvs -z6

   ப
=================================

    ᯨ᮪  祩  ப CVS ( 
,   ᫥   ):

`--allow-root=ROOTDIR'
      ࠧ襭 ⠫ `CVSROOT'.  . *Note
     ࢥ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨::.

`-a'
     ⥭஢  饭  ⮬ 
     ࢥ஬.   ⮫쪮  .   饥
     ६  ॠ ⮫쪮  ᯮ짮
     ᮥ GSSAPI (*note ⥭䨪  
     GSSAPI::).  ⥭䨪 ।頥 ।
      ⠪, ᯮ 墠 TCP-ᮥ.
     祭 ⥭䨪樨  砥 ஢.

`-b BINDIR'
      CVS 1.9.18       
     ⠫,  ஬ 室 ணࠬ RCS.  騥
     ᨨ CVS  믮 ணࠬ RCS;  
     ⠢ ⮫쪮  ⭮ ᮢ⨬.

`-T TEMPDIR'
     ᯮ짮 TEMPDIR  ⢥ ⠫,  ஬
     ᯮ ६ 䠩.  ८। ᮤন
     ६ । `$TMPDIR'  ⠫,  
     樨.   ࠬ    .

`-d CVS_ROOT_DIRECTORY'
     ᯮ짮 CVS_ROOT_DIRECTORY  ⢥ ୥
     ⠫ ९.  ८। ᮤন
     ६ 㦥 `$CVSROOT'.  *Note ਩::.

`-e EDITOR'
     ᯮ짮 EDITOR, ⮡  ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.
     ८। ᮤন ६ 㦥
     `$CVSEDITOR'  `$EDITOR'.   쭥襩 ଠ樥
     頩  *Note ஢ ::.

`-f'
       䠩 `~/.cvsrc'.     ᥣ
     ᯮ - ⮣쭮  祩 CVS.
     ਬ,  `cvs log'   `-N' (⪫
     ⮡ࠦ  ⮪),    ᮮ⢥饣
     , ⮡  ⠪ ⮡ࠦ.  ⮬ ᫨
        䠩 `~/.cvsrc'   `log' 
      `-N',   ॡ `-f', ⮡
     ⮡ࠧ  ⮪.

`-H'
`--help'
     뤠 ଠ  㪠  CVS ( 
     믮 ).  ᫨   㪠  , 
     `cvs -H' 뤠  ଠ  ᯮ짮 CVS,
      ᯨ᮪ 㣨 祩 .

`-l'
     믮 ,  ୠ   䠩 ਨ
     .  *Note  history::.

`-n'
       祣  ᪥.   믮
      CVS,  ⮫쪮 뤠 ;   㤠,
       ꥤ 騥 䠩, 
     ᮧ .

     ,  CVS  易⥫쭮 뤠   ᠬ
     ᮮ饭,    ᯮ짮 `-n', ⮬  
       CVS ய  ࠡ.

`-Q'
        㤥 뤠 ᮮ饭, 
     ᪫祭 ᮮ饭  쥧 ஡.

`-q'
      㤥 뤠 ⮫쪮  ᮮ饭;
     ਬ, ଠ  த  ॢ ⠫
     뤠  㤥.

`-r'
       ࠡ稥 䠩 㯭묨 ⮫쪮 
     ⥭.    ᠬ 䥪 ⨣ ⠭
     ६ 㦥 `$CVSREAD' (*note ६
     㦥::).   㬮砭 ࠡ稥 䠩 ᮧ
     㯭묨  , ᫨ ⮫쪮  祭
     ᫥ (*note   室묨 ⥪⠬::).

`-s VARIABLE=VALUE'
     ⠭ ६ 짮⥫ (*note
     ६::).

`-t'
     ᫥ 믮 ணࠬ; ⮡ࠦ ᮮ饭,
     ᮯ஢騥 ࠧ 蠣 CVS.  ᮡ 
     ᮢ⭮  `-n', ⮡  ࠡ 
     .

`-v'

`--version'
     ⮡ࠦ  CVS  ଠ  ᪨ ࠢ.

`-w'
       ࠡ稥 䠩 㯭묨  ⥭ 
     .  ८। ᮤন ६
     㦥 `$CVSREAD'.    㬮砭 ᮧ
      ⥭  , ᫨ ⮫쪮   ⠭
     `$CVSREAD'    ᯮ짮  `-r'.

`-x'
     ஢  ⢨  ⮬  ࢥ஬.
      ⮫쪮   CVS.   ⥪饩 ᨨ
     ॠ ⮫쪮  ᯮ짮 ᮥ 
     GSSAPI (*note ⥭䨪   GSSAPI::) 
     ᮥ  Kerberos (*note ⥭䨪  
     Kerberos::).  祭 ஢ ࠧ㬥, 
       裡 㤥 ⠪ 祭 ⥭䨪.
     প ஢  㬮砭 㯭; 
     樨 CVS ᯮ ᯥ樠  
     ப  `./configure --enable-encryption'.

`-z GZIP-LEVEL'
     ⠭ ஢ ᨨ.   ⮫쪮 
      CVS.

⠭   ப
==================================

    ⮩  뢠 `_', 㯭 
ᯮ짮  ᪮쪨  CVS.    ᥣ
 ࠢ   `_CVS'.    
ন  ,   ,    
.  , ᫨      祩, 
  㢥७     祩 
ࠧ묨 .  (㣨  , ᠭ 
 ⤥묨 ,   ࠧ筮  
ࠧ묨  CVS).

   *।०:*  `history' 
᪫祭,  ন ࠧ ,
䫨騥   ⠭묨 砬.

`-D '
     ᯮ짮 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ, ᤥ  
     祬 .    砥  --  
     㬥, 騩 ᠭ 襤襩 .

       ⠭ "",  
     ᯮ , ⮡ ᤥ  䠩  室
     ⥪⮬,  ,    ࠡ稩 䠩,
     ᯮ `-D',  CVS  㪠 , ⠪
      ᫥騥  , 믮  ⮬
      ⠫,  ᯮ짮    (쭥
     ଠ   ⪠  ⠬ 室  *note
      ⪨::).

      `-D' 㯥 ᮢ⭮   `checkout',
     `diff', `export', `history', `rdiff', `rtag' 
     `update'.  ( `history' ᯮ  
      ⫨騬 ᯮᮡ; *note  
     history::).

     CVS ন 讥 ⢮ ଠ⮢ .
     묨 ⠭묨  ISO-8601 (
     㭠த ࣠樨  ⠭⨧樨) 
     ⠭ ஭  (ᠭ  RFC822, 
     ࠢ  RFC1123).

       ଠ ISO-8601  ⢮ ਠ⮢, 
      ᪮쪮 ਬ஢:

          1972-09-24
          1972-09-24 20:05

     ⭮,  ᮢᥬ   㢨 ᫥
     __ ᯨ᪠ ଠ⮢, ᠭ  ISO8601 :-).

       ⠬, ࠧ襭  ஭  
     ୥, CVS ⠪  ய᪠ 
     .  ਬ:

          24 Sep 1972 20:05
          24 Sep

     ⠥,   室  ⭮ ६'
     , ᫨ ⮫쪮 ⠪   .

     ।⥫묨   ଠ ।⠢
     .   , CVS  饥 ६ ন
     ப  㣨 ଠ⮢ ।⠢ .
      筮  㬥 ,  騥 ᨨ
     CVS  㦥  ন .

       ⠪ ଠ⮢  `//'.
       冷     
     , ਬ, `1/4/96' --  ⢥⮥ ﭢ,
       ࢮ ५.

        㬥  `-D'  窠,
     ⮡  窠  ⠫ ஡ ࠧ⥫ﬨ
     㬥⮢.  , ᯮ  `-D', 
     룫拉 ⠪:

          $ cvs diff -D "1 hour ago" cvs.texinfo

`-f'
         CVS   
     ,    筮  䠩, 
     ᮤঠ騥  ⪨ (  ⢮訥 
     㪠  ६).  ᯮ  `-f',
     ᫨  , ⮡ 䠩 ,  ᫨ 
      ᮢ  ⪮   ६,  ⮬ 砥
     㤥 ᯮ짮 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ 䠩.

     `-f' 㯭   `annotate', `checkout',
     `export', `rdiff', `rtag',  `update'.

     *।०:*  `commit'  `remove' ⠪
       `-f',    㣮 .  *Note
       commit::,  ⠪ *Note 
     䠩::.

`-k KFLAG'
      ࠡ 祢 ᫮  㬮砭.  *Note
     ⠭ 祢 ᫮::,  祭 KFLAG.
      祭 KFLAG ⠭ "",  
     ᮧ   䠩.   砥,  
      ᯮ      `checkout'
      `update',  CVS 뢠 祭 KFLAG 
     䠩,  ᯮ  祭  ᫥
       ⮣ 䠩, ᫨   㪠
     ⭮.

      `-k' 㯥   `add', `checkout',
     `diff', `import'  `update'.

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

     *।०:*      `-l',
       㪠뢠 ᫥   CVS!

     㯥   `annotate', `checkout', `commit',
     `diff', `edit', `editors', `export', `log', `rdiff',
     `remove', `rtag', `status', `tag', `unedit', `update',
     `watch',  `watchers'.

`-m ""'
     ᯮ짮 ""  ⢥ ୠ쭮 ,
      ⮣, ⮡  ।.

      㯥   `add', `commit'  `import'.

`-n'
      믮 ᮮ⢥騥 ணࠬ  믮
      `checkout', `commit'  `tag'.  (  
     㫥   㪠 ணࠬ,  㦭
     믮  믮    ,  
      ᯮ  ⮣, ⮡  ⮣).

     *।०:*  䫠 --    䫠
     `cvs -n',   ᫥   CVS!

      㯥   `checkout', `commit',
     `export'  `rtag'.

`-P'
       ⠫.  . *Note 
     ⠫::.

`-p'
     뤠 䠩, 祭  ९, 
     ⠭ 뢮,   뢠   ⥪饬
     ⠫.   㯥   `checkout' 
     `update'.

`-R'
     ᨢ ࠡ뢠 ⠫.  祭 
     㬮砭.  㯭   `annotate',
     `checkout', `commit', `diff', `edit', `editors',
     `export', `rdiff', `remove', `rtag', `status', `tag',
     `unedit', `update', `watch'  `watchers'.

`-r '
     ᯮ짮 ॢ, 㪠  ࠬ ,
      "" ॢ (`HEAD')  㬮砭.
      ⮪, ᮧ    `tag' 
     `rtag', ᥣ 㯭  ᯥ樠 ⪨:  `HEAD'
     뫠  ᠬ ᢥ ॢ, 室 
     ९ਨ,  `BASE' 뫠  ॢ,  
       ⥪騩 ࠡ稩 ⠫.

      ⪠ ⠭ , ᫨  ᯮ
     `checkout'  `update', ⮡ ᮧ ᮡ⢥
      䠩: CVS    த
     ᯮ짮   쭥  ,
        㪠 ⭮ (*Note  ⪨::,
        ⥫ ଠ   
     ⪠/).  ⪠   ஬ ॢ 
     .  *Note ⪨::.

      쭮  `-q'   箬 `-r'
      뢠 , ⮡  ।०
     ᮮ饭  ⮬,  RCS-䠩  ᮤন 㪠
     ⪨.

     *।०:*  ९⠩    
     箬 `cvs -r',    ᫥  
     CVS!

      `-r' 㯥   `checkout', `commit',
     `diff', `history', `export', `rdiff', `rtag' 
     `update'.

`-W SPEC'
       䠩,  㦭 䨫஢.
        ᯮ짮   ப
     ᪮쪮 ࠧ.  SPEC   蠡  䠩,
     ⠪ ,   ᯮ짮  䠩
     `.cvswrappers'.   㯥   `import' 
     `update'.

 admin: ஢
================================

   * ॡ: ९਩, ࠡ祣 ⠫.

   * : ९਩.

   * : `rcs'

     -- 䥩  ࠧࠧ ⨢
 CVS.      ᮬ⥫
業  CVS    ᪨ 稭.
  ⠪ ⥩, ᪮॥ ᥣ, 祧
-.    ࠡ⠥ ४ᨢ, ⮬ 㦭
ᮡ ࠩ ஦.

   ᫨  設  UNIX  㯯 `cvsadmin', 
 `cvs admin'  믮 ⮫쪮 童 ⮩
㯯.   㯯  ⢮  ࢥ  
 設,  ன ᯮ --ࢥୠ
 CVS.  ⮡  ᥬ 짮⥫ 믮
 `cvs admin', ᮧ ᮮ⢥ 㯯 
    頩.   NT 㯯 `cvsadmin' 
ন, ⮬  짮⥫  믮
`cvs admin'.

  admin
-------------------

      ᮬ⥫   CVS, 
  ᪨ 稭.   
ਢ   ᯮ짮 CVS,   
⬥  ⢨!

`-A_'
       ࠡ ᮢ⭮  CVS.   ᯨ᮪
     㯠 _  ᯨ 㯠 RCS-䠩.

`-a'
       ࠡ ᮢ⭮  CVS.  
      १ .     ᯨ
     㯠 RCS-䠩.

`-b[]'
     ⠭   㬮砭&   CVS  筮 
     㫨 ⪠  㬮砭,  ⮣
     ᯮ  ⪨ (*note  ⪨::).
       稭 ᯮ짮 `cvs admin -b':
      ⭮   ⠢騪  ᯮ짮
     ⮪ ⠢騪 (*note ⬥  ::).
      `-b'  㬥⮬    ஡.

`-c'
       䨪ᮬ .   䨪 
     ᯮ   ⥪饩 ᨨ CVS,   RCS 5.7,
     ⠪ ࠧ,     ᯮ.  *Note
     ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

`-e[]'
       ࠡ ᮢ⭮  CVS.  
      १ .     ᯨ᪠
     㯠 RCS-䠩.  ᫨   , 頥 
     ᯨ᮪ 㯠.

`-I'
     믮 ࠪ⨢,  ᫨ ⠭ 
       ନ.     ࠡ⠥ 
     ⥢ ᨥ CVS , ᪮॥ ᥣ, 祧 
       CVS.

`-i'
     ᯮ .    RCS-䠩,  ᮧ
      ॢ.      ९਩ 
       `cvs add' (*note  䠩::).

`-kSUBST'
     ⠭ ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮ 
     㬮砭.  *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.  
     㪠 ० ⠭  ᯮ짮 
     `cvs update', `cvs export'  `cvs checkout'
     ८।  ०  㬮砭.

`-l[REV]'
     ஢ ॢ  ஬ REV.  ᫨ 㪠 
     ⪨, ஢ ᠬ ᫥ ॢ  ⪥.
     ᫨ REV 饭, ஢ ᫥ ॢ 
     ⪥  㬮砭.   `-l'  㬥⮬  
      ஡.

        ᯮ짮  ⠭  ਯ⮬
     `rcslock.pl', 室騬  ⠫ `contrib/' 
     ਡ⨢ CVS,  ⮣, ⮡ 짮
     ஢묨 祭ﬨ ( ⮫쪮 
     짮⥫    ६ 
     ।஢  䠩).   ਨ 
     ⮬ 䠩  쭥襩 ଠ樥 ( ⠪ 䠩
     `README'  ⠫ `contrib/',  ᮤন
     㢥  饩 প  ᮤন
     ⮣ ⠫.)   ᮮ⢥⢨  㯮묨
     ﬨ ᫥ ⠭ ⪨ ०
     ஢ ( 㬮砭   ⠪).

`-L'
     ⠭ ⪨ ० ஢.   砥,
       RCS-䠩 ࠢ  ᥬ 稬 
     ஢ 䠩 । ᥭ   .
      ࠡ  CVS ⪨ ० ஢  
     ⠭; ᬮ 㦤 ⮣   ᠭ
      `-l'.

`-mREV:MSG'
      ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 ॢ REV  MSG.

`-N[:[REV]]'
      ⠪ ,  `-n', ८। 㦥
     饥 .   ᯮ짮  襡묨
     ⪠ ᬮ *Note 襡  ⮪::.

`-n[:[REV]]'
     뢠 䠢⭮   ⪮  ॢ REV.
     筮  ⮣   ᯮ짮 `cvs tag'
      `cvs rtag'.  ᫨ 稥  REV 饭, 㤠
     ;  ⨢ 砥 ᮮ頥  訡, ᫨ 
     㦥 易  - ஬.  ᫨ REV 
     䠢 ,   । 뢠 
      ᮮ⢥騩 .  ᫨ REV ⮨  
     ⢨,   ᫥ 窠,   砥 ᠬ
     ᢥ ॢ  ⪥.  稥  騬
     REV 砥 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ  ⪥ 
     㬮砭,   ⢮.  ਬ, `cvs admin
     -nNAME' 뢠 NAME  ᫥ ॢ 
     RCS-䠩;  ⮬ `cvs admin -nNAME:$'
     뢠 NAME  ࠬ ॢ, 祭 
     ᮤন 祢 ᫮  ᮮ⢥ ࠡ
     䠩.

`-o'
      (" ॢ訬") ॢ, 
     .

     ,      쬠 ᭠,
     ᫨ ⮫쪮    _筮_,   
      (ਬ, ᬮ ।०  
     ⠭  ᨭ⠪ REV1:REV2).

     ᫨   墠⠥ ᪮ ࠭⢠,  
        .  㬠  । 
     ᯮ짮: ⬥ ⢨ ⮩  
     , ஬ ⠭  १ࢭ .
     ⭮,  㤥 ᭠砫 ᯥਬ஢
       ९.

         ᪮쪨 ᯮᮡ:

    `REV1::REV2'
          ⮦ ॢ  REV1  REV2, ⠪  CVS
          㤥 ࠭ ⮫쪮   REV1  REV2,
            ஬ .  ਬ, ᫥
          믮  `-o 1.3::1.5'  
          ॢ 1.3, ॢ 1.5, ࠧ  1.3 
          1.5,   ॢ 1.4  ࠧ  1.3 
          1.4.  㣮 ਬ: `-o 1.3::1.4'  `-o
          1.3::1.3'  ᮢ  ⢨, ⮬
           㤠    祣.

    `::REV'
           ॢ  砫 ⪨, ᮤঠ饩
          REV,  ᠬ REV.  窠 砫 ⪨  REV
           ஭묨.  ਬ, `-o ::1.3.2.6'
          㤠 ॢ 1.3.2.1, ॢ 1.3.2.5  
          ॢ  ஬⪥  ,   ண
          1.3  1.3.2.6.

    `REV::'
           ॢ  REV  殬 ⪨,
          ᮤঠ饩 REV.   REV ⠥ ஭⮩,
            ॢ (`HEAD') 㤠.

    `REV'
           ॢ REV.  ਬ, `-o 1.3'
          ⭮ `-o 1.2::1.4'.

    `REV1:REV2'
           ॢ  REV1, ⥫쭮,  REV2,
          ⥫쭮, 室騥   ⪥.  ᫥
          믮   㤥  ॢ
          REV1, REV2,  ⠪  ॢ  ஬⪥
           .  ਬ,  `cvs admin
          -oR_1_01:R_1_02 .' । 뢠 .  
          砥 "㤠 ॢ   ⪨
          `R_1_02', ⥫쭮".  ஦!  ᫨ 
          䠩,    `R_1_02' 
          `R_1_03',   䠩 ᮮ⢥騬 ⪠ 
          ᢮ __  ॢ.  -
          ⮣  ⮫쪮  㤥  `R_1_02', 
           `R_1_03' ॡ ⠭ 
          १ࢭ .   設⢥ 砥 ᫥
          ᯮ짮 ਠ `REV1::REV2'.

    `:REV'
           ॢ  砫 ⪨, ᮤঠ饩 REV,
            ᠬ REV, ⥫쭮.

    `REV:'
           ॢ  REV, ⥫쭮,  
          ⪨, ᮤঠ饩 REV.

         㤠, ᫨  ஢
        稭 ⢨.

     ᫨ ॢ  䠢    ᯮ
        ⠭  ᨭ⠪ᮬ `::',  CVS
     뤠 ᮮ饭  訡   㤥 㤠 ⠪
     ॢ.  ᫨  ⢨⥫쭮  㤠
     䠢   ॢ,  ᭠砫 㤠  
      `cvs tag -d', ⥬ 믮 `cvs admin -o'.
     ᫨   ᯮ ᨭ⠪ `::',  CVS 㤠
     ॢ,  ⠢ 䠢 , 
     뫠  騥 ॢ.   
     ⠢  ᮢ⨬  ।騬 ﬨ
     CVS,  ⠪    祭 ,   饬
      , ⮡ ᮢ  砥 `::'.

     - ᯮᮡ,  CVS ࠡ뢠 ⢨, REV
         䠢⭮ , ᫨ 
     ॢ 室  ⪥.  *Note 襡 
     ⮪::,  , 祬  ⠪.

     ,      ॢ, 
       ॢ襩.   ந ࠭ ,
     ᫨ - ।  ॢ  ⠥
     䨪஢ .  - ⮣  `-o'  ᫥
     ᯮ짮  ⬥ 訡筮 䨪஢,
      ⮣ 䨪   ॢ, ࠢ
     訡筮  (*note ﭨ  ॢ::).

`-q'
      ,  뤠 ᮯ஢⥫ ᮮ饭.

`-sSTATE[:REV]'
      ᯮ짮   CVS.  ⠭
     ਡ ﭨ ॢ REV  STATE.  ᫨ REV --
       ⢨,  ᯮ짮 ᫥ ॢ 
     ⮩ ⢨.  ᫨ REV 饭, ᯮ짮 ᫥
     ॢ  ⢨  㬮砭.   ⢥ STATE 
     ᯮ짮  䨪.   ஬
      `Exp' (ᯥਬ⠫), `Stab'
     (⠡)  `Rel' (襤訩   த).
      㬮砭 ﭨ  ॢ  ᮧ
     ⠭  `Exp'.  ﭨ ᮮ頥
      `cvs log' (*note  log::)   祢
     ᫮ `$Log$'  `$State$' (*note ⠭ 祢
     ᫮::).  ,  CVS ᯮ ﭨ
     `dead'  ᢮ ७ 㦤;  ⮣, ⮡
      䠩  ﭨ `dead'  ⠭ 
      ⮣ ﭨ, ᯮ  `cvs remove' 
     `cvs add',   `cvs admin -s'.

`-t[]'
       ᯮ짮   CVS.   
      ᠭ 㪠 RCS-䠩, 㤠  ஥
     ᠭ.      稭  .
     ᠭ 䠩  㢨  뤠  `cvs log'
     (*note  log::).   `-t'   㬥⮬ 
       ஡.

     ᫨  饭,  ᠭ   ⠭⭮
     , 񭭮 ᨬ  䠩  窮,
     饩  ⢥ ᨬ "窠".  
     ࠡ  ନ ⥪ ᠭ 訢 
     짮⥫, ᬮ `-I'.  ⥭  ⠭⭮
       ࠡ⠥  -ࢥ୮ CVS  
       饩 ᨨ CVS.

`-t-'
     宦  `-t'.   ᠭ   ,
      㦥 饥 ᠭ.   `-t'  
     㬥⮬    ஡.

`-U'
     ⠭  ० ஢.   砥,
       䠩  易 ஢ ॢ ।
     䨪஢.   ᯮ짮  CVS  
     ⠭ ⪨ ० ஢; ᬮ 
     㦤  `-l'.

`-u[REV]'
       ᠭ  `-l',  㦤
     ᯮ짮 ⮣   CVS.  ஢
     ॢ REV.  ᫨   ⪨, ࠧ஢
     ᫥ ॢ  ⮩ ⪥.  ᫨ REV 饭,
     㤠 ᫥ ஢, ᤥ 짮⥫
      ⮬ 䠩.  筮 ⮫쪮 ,  ᤥ
     ஢,   .  ᫨   -
     㣮,   뢠  ஢.   ⮬
     砥  ஢ 뫠 㢥 
     ஭ .  ⮢ ᮮ饭  ᮤঠ
     ਩, ।⠢ ⥬,  
     ஢.  ਩ 蠥 殬 䠩 
     ப, 饩  ⢥ 窨.  
     箬 `-u'   㬥⮬    ஡.

`-VN'
      ।饩 ᨨ CVS   砫,  RCS-䠩
     㦭 ᮧ  ଠ,  ணࠬ RCS
     ᨨ N.   騩    ५  
     ᯮ짮 ਢ  ᮮ饭  訡.

`-xSUFFIXES'
      ।  CVS    뫮
     ᯮ짮, ⮡   RCS-䠩.  ,
     CVS ॡ, ⮡  RCS-䠩 稢 
     `,v', ⮬      .

 checkout: 祭 室 ⥪⮢  ।஢
================================================================

   * ⪮ ᠭ: `checkout [] ...'

   * ॡ: ९਩

   * : ࠡ稩 ⠫

   * : `co', `get'

      ࠡ稩 ⠫, ᮤঠ騩 
䠩  室묨 ⥪⠬,    ࠬ
.   `checkout' 筮 ᫥ ᯮ짮
। ᯮ짮    CVS, ⠪ 
設⢮   ॡ  ࠡ祣 ⠫.

    --   䠢  樨 ⠫ 
䠩  室묨 ⥪⠬,    ⠫  䠩 
९ਨ.  䠢  뢠  䠩
`modules'.  *Note  modules::.

    ᨬ  ,   , 
`checkout'  ४ᨢ ᮧ ⠫  
 ᮮ⢥騬 䠩.    
।஢  䠩  㣮, ᨬ  ⮣,
 -  ।    ᠬ 䠩);
⥬  , ⮡  , 
㣨  ९਩; 䨪 १ 襩 ࠡ
 ९਩.

   ,  `checkout' ᠬ ᮧ ⠫.   ⥪饬
⠫  믮  `checkout' ࠧ
⠫ 孥 ஢,   筮 ᮢ  
㪠 .   砥 ᥢ  ᮧ
⠫   㣮 ,    㢥७,
  㤥  ⠫,   `checkout' 
⭮⥫ , 騩   䠩, 
   ࠡ稩 ⠫ (᫨   㪠
  `-Q').

    `checkout' ᮧ 䠩  ࠢ  ⥭ 
, ᫨     `-r' (*note
 ::),  ⠭ ६ 㦥
`CVSREAD',   ⨬ 䠩  ⠭ ᫥ (*note
  室묨 ⥪⠬::).

   ,  ᪠ ⠪ 믮 `checkout' 
⠫,   ᮧ 㣮  `checkout'.
 宦  믮  `update'  箬 `-d', 
⮬ ᫥,   襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫  
⠫,  뫨 ᮧ  ९ਨ.   ,
 `checkout' ॡ  , ⮣  
`update' --  ⠫.   ᯮ짮 `checkout'
⠪ ᯮᮡ  㦭 믮  ⠫ 孥
஢, ⮬ ० 祬 ᯮ짮 `checkout', ⮡
 騩 ⠫,   ३ 
⠫ 孥 ஢.

   饭,  뤠  `checkout', ᠭ
 *Note 饭  update::.

  checkout
----------------------

    `checkout' ন ⠭ ,
ᠭ  (*Note ⠭ ::.):

`-D DATE'
     ᯮ짮 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ, ᮧ  
     DATE.     ,  ࠧ㬥
     ᯮ짮  `-P'.  *Note  ⪨::, 
     室 ⥫쭠 ଠ   ⪠ 
     .

`-f'
      ⮫쪮  ᯮ짮 ᮢ⭮  砬
     `-D DATE'  `-r TAG'.  ᫨   室饩
     ॢ,  ᠬ ᢥ ॢ,  
     ஢ 䠩.

`-k KFLAG'
     ࠡ뢠 祢 ᫮  ᮮ⢥⢨  KFLAG.
     . *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.   
      : 쭥訥  ⮣ ࠡ祣
     ⠫  ᯮ짮   ᠬ KFLAG.  
     ⮣, ⮡ 㢨  , ᯮ 
     `status'.  *Note 맮 CVS::,  室
     ⥫쭠 ଠ   `status'.

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-n'
      믮 ணࠬ  祭 (,  㪠
      䠩 `modules'    `-o').  *note 
     modules::).

`-P'
       ⠫.  . *Note ६饭
     ⠫::.

`-p'
     뤠 ᮤন 䠩  ⠭ 뢮.

`-R'
      ⠫ ४ᨢ.   㬮砭 
      ⠪.  . *Note ᨢ ::.

`-r TAG'
     ᯮ짮 ॢ TAG.      
     ࠧ㬥 ᯮ짮 `-P'.  *Note 
     ⪨::,    ⥫ ଠ 
      ⪠  .

     ⮬,  ᯮ짮 ᫥騥 
 `checkout':

`-A'
       ਫ訥 ⪨,   .  . *Note
      ⪨::,  ⠪ *Note ⠭ 祢
     ᫮::.

`-c'
     ஢ ஢ ᮤন 䠩 `modules'
      ⠭ 뢮,  ⮣, ⮡ ᮧ 
      䠩  ⠫  ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-d DIR'
      ⠫  ࠡ稬 䠩,  뢠
     DIR,   ᯮ짮  .  
     ᯮ짮 ⮣ 䫠 ⭮ ᯮ짮
     `mkdir DIR; cd DIR',   ᫥ 
     祭   `-d'.

      ,   ᪫祭  ⮣
     ࠢ.   祭 筮 䠩 祭
     㤮, ⮡ 䠩 ᮧ  ⠫, 
     ᮤঠ饬  ஬ ⠫.   ⮬, 
     ⮫쪮  ⮬ 砥 CVS ⠥ "㪮"  
     䠩, ⮡    ⠫.

     ਬ, ᫨   `foo', ᮤঠ騩 䠩
     `bar.c',   `cvs co -d dir foo' ᮧ ⠫
     `dir/'    䠩 `bar.c'.  筮,
     ᫨   `bar',  ஬  ⠫
     `baz/',  ஬  䠩 `quux.c',   `cvs
     -d dir co bar/baz' ᮧ ⠫ `dir/'  
     㤠 䠩 `quux.c'.

     ᯮ짮 䫠 `-N'  ⠪ .  
     砥 襮ᠭ  㫥 `cvs co -N -d
     dir foo' ᮧ ⠫ `dir/foo'   㤠
     䠩 `bar.c',   `cvs co -N -d dir bar/baz'
     ᮧ ⠫ `dir/bar/baz/'   㤠 䠩
     `quux.c'.

`-j TAG'
     ᫨ ᯮ   `-j',  ,
     ᤥ  ॢ, 㪠  ࢮ , 
     ꥤ  ॢ, 㪠  ஬ , 
     饭  ࠡ稩 ⠫.

     With one `-j' option, merge changes from the ancestor
     revision to the revision specified with the `-j'
     option, into the working directory.  The ancestor
     revision is the common ancestor of the revision which
     the working directory is based on, and the revision
     specified in the `-j' option.

        `-j'   ,
     , ᫨ ᯮ   ﬨ, 
     ࠭ 롮 ॢ ⮫쪮 騬  
     .      :
     `-j_:_'.

     *Note  ⢥  ᫨ﭨ::.

`-N'
      ⮫쪮  `-d DIR'.    ⮣ 
     CVS  㤥 "㪮稢"     襬
     ࠡ祬 ⠫,    
     .  . ᠭ 䫠 `-d',  㦤 
        ਬ.

`-s'
     宦  `-c',  뤠 ⠪  㫥 
        ᮮ⢥⢨  ⨬ ᮬ.  *Note
      modules::,  ଠ樥  ⮬,   `-s'
     ᯮ    䠩 `modules' 
     .

ਬ ᯮ짮  `checkout'
---------------------------------------

      `tc':

     $ cvs checkout tc

      `tc'  ⮬ ,  ஬ 
室 :

     $ cvs checkout -D yesterday tc

 commit:  䠩  ९਩
=============================================

   * ⪮ ᠭ: `commit [-lnRf] [-m
     '_' | -F ] [-r ]
     [...]'

   * ॡ: ࠡ稩 ⠫, ९਩.

   * : ९਩.

   * : `ci'

   ᯮ `commit', ᫨    
९਩ , ᤥ  襩 ࠡ祩 .

   ᫨   㪠,  䠩 ᫥ 䨪஢,
  ஢  䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫.  `commit'
⥫쭮 ᫥  ⥬, ⮡   ९਩
⮫쪮  䠩,  ⢨⥫쭮 .  
㬮砭 ( ᫨    `-R') 䠩 
⠫ ⠪ ࠡ뢠  䨪, ᫨ 
뫨 ;  ᯮ짮  `-l', ⮡
࠭  `commit' ⮫쪮 ⥪騬 ⠫.

   `commit' ஢,  㪠 䠩 ᢥ, 祬
⥪騥 ॢ  ९ਨ; ᫨   ⠪,  
뤠 ।०  室 믮 
`update' (*note  update::)  , 祣
  .  `commit'  ⠭ 믮  
 `update', ।⠢  ᤥ   㤮
६.

   ᫨  ଠ쭮, 㤥 맢 ⥪⮢ ।, 
஬  㤥  ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭, ஥
㤥 । ணࠬ ୠ஢ (*note 
modules::  *note  loginfo::),  ⠪ 饭 
RCS-䠩  ९ਨ.   ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 
    `log', . *Note  log::.
  ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭   ப 
  `-m _',  ⮬ ।
 㤥 맢,  ᯮ짮  `-F ', ⮡
 䠩, ᮤঠ騩 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.

  commit
--------------------

   騥 ⠭  (*note ⠭ ::,
     ᠭ) ন 
`commit':

`-l'

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-n'
      믮 ணࠬ, ⭮  .

`-R'
     ஢ ⠫ ४ᨢ.   㬮砭 
      ⠪.  . *Note ᨢ ::.

`-r '
     ஢  ஬ ॢ :   
     ⪨,   ॢ  ᭮ ⢮, 訩,
     祬  騥  ॢ (*note 祭
     ஢ ॢ::).     
     ॢ, 室  ⪥.

    `commit' ⠪ ন ᫥騥 :

`-F FILE'
      ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭  䠩 , 
     ᪠ ।   ⮣ ᮮ饭.

`-f'
     ,    `-f'  ⮩ 
     ⫨砥  ⠭⭮, ஥ ᠭ  *Note
     ⠭ ::.

     ⠢ CVS 䨪஢  ॢ,  ᫨
       ᤥ    䠩.  ᫨ ⥪
     ॢ    1.7,  ᫥騥  
     :

          $ cvs commit -f FILE
          $ cvs commit -r 1.8 FILE

      `-f' 頥 ४ (  ࠧ㬥
     ᯮ짮 `-l').   ⮣, ⮡ ⠢ CVS
     䨪஢  ॢ   䠩  
     ⠫, ᯮ `-f -R'.

`-m '
     ᯮ짮   ⢥ ୠ쭮
     ᮮ饭,  뢠 ।.

ਬ ᯮ짮  commit
-----------------------------------

饭   
............................

     䨪஢   ॢ, 室
 ⪥ (   ⭮ ⢮ 祪)  
 `-r'.  ⮣, ⮡ ᮧ ॢ  ⪥,
ᯮ  `-b'  `rtag'  `tag' (*note 
⢥  ᫨ﭨ::).  ⥬ ᯮ `checkout' 
`update', ⮡  室 ⥪ ⠫ ᭮  ⮩
ᢥᮧ ⪥.  稭  ⮣  
  ⮬ ࠡ祬 ⠫ ⮬᪨ 
 ॢ  ⪥,    ࠧࠡ⪥  ᭮
⢮.  ਬ, ᫨  ॡ ᮧ
ࠢ  ᨨ 1.2 襣 த, ᬮ  ,
 㦥 ࠧࠡ뢠  2.0,  :

     $ cvs rtag -b -r FCS1_2 FCS1_2_Patch product_module
     $ cvs checkout -r FCS1_2_Patch product_module
     $ cd product_module
     [[ hack away ]]
     $ cvs commit

  㤥 ࠡ ⮬᪨, ⮬   `-r'
 .

 ⪨ ᫥ ।஢
...................................

   ।,  ࠡ⠫  - ࠩ
ᯥਬ⠫ த⮬, ᭮  -
ॢ, 祭  ९  .  ᫨
-   襩 㯯     ࠡ
 ⨬ த⮬,    ⮬ ᭮ ࠢ
ࠧࠡ⪨,    䨪஢   
.  㣨 ᬮ  १ 襣
ᯥਬ  ᯮ짮 ⮬᪨ ࠢ
䫨⮢   CVS.  業਩ ⠪:

     [[ hacked sources are present ]]
     $ cvs tag -b EXPR1
     $ cvs update -r EXPR1
     $ cvs commit

   ᫥  `update'  `-r EXPR1' ਫ  ᥬ
䠩.  ,     䠩  
 㤠  `update'.   `commit'
⮬᪨    ࠢ ,
⮬   `-r'  .   ⠪ 
ᤥ ⠪:

     [[ hacked sources are present ]]
     $ cvs tag -b EXPR1
     $ cvs commit -r EXPR1

  ⮬ 砥 ⮫쪮  䠩,   , 
 ਫ 䫠 `-r EXPR1'.  ᫨  ।
 - 䠩  䨪   㪠 䫠
`-r EXPR1',   䠩  砩   
⢮.

    ⮣, ⮡ ࠡ    
ᯥਬ⠫쭮 ᨥ, 㣨   ᪠:

     $ cvs checkout -r EXPR1 whatever_module

 diff:  ࠧ  ॢﬨ
===============================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: `diff [-lR] [format_options] [[-r rev1
     | -D date1] [-r rev2 |  -D date2]] [files...]'

   * ॡ: ࠡ稩 ⠫, ९਩.

   * 祣  .

    `diff' ᯮ  ࠢ ࠧ
ॢ 䠩.  ⢨  㬮砭 - ࠢ 
ࠡ稥  䠩  ॢﬨ,    䠩
᭮,  ᮮ   㦥 ࠧ.

   ᫨  - 䠩,  ࠢ ⮫쪮
.  ᫨   ⠫,  ࠢ 䠩 
 ⠫.

     襭   `diff' ⫨砥 
  ; ⠫ ᠭ  *Note  室::.

  diff
------------------

    `checkout' ন ⠭ ,
ᠭ  *Note ⠭ ::.

`-D '
     ᯮ짮 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ, ᮧ  
     祬 .  . ᠭ `-r',  뢠,  
       १ ࠢ.

`-k KFLAG'
     ࠡ뢠 祢 ᫮  ᮮ⢥⢨  KFLAG.
     . *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-R'
     ࠡ뢠 ⠫ ४ᨢ.   㬮砭 
      ⠪.  . *Note ᨢ ::.

`-r TAG'
     ࠢ  ॢ .      
      祩 `-r'.    `-r' ࠡ稩 䠩 㤥
     ࠢ  ॢ,  ன  ᭮.  
      箬 `-r' 㪠 ॢ 㤥 ࠢ
      訬 ࠡ稬 䠩.    砬 `-r'
     㪠  ॢ  ࠢ   㣮
     ( ᮤন ࠡ 䠩  㤥   뤠
     ).

         `-r'     `-D
     ', ᠭ .

   ᫥騥   ଠ 뤠.    
 祭,    ணࠬ GNU diff.

     -0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 -8 -9
     --binary
     --brief
     --changed-group-format=ARG
     -c
       -C NLINES
       --context[=LINES]
     -e --ed
     -t --expand-tabs
     -f --forward-ed
     --horizon-lines=ARG
     --ifdef=ARG
     -w --ignore-all-space
     -B --ignore-blank-lines
     -i --ignore-case
     -I REGEXP
        --ignore-matching-lines=REGEXP
     -h
     -b --ignore-space-change
     -T --initial-tab
     -L LABEL
       --label=LABEL
     --left-column
     -d --minimal
     -N --new-file
     --new-line-format=ARG
     --old-line-format=ARG
     --paginate
     -n --rcs
     -s --report-identical-files
     -p
     --show-c-function
     -y --side-by-side
     -F REGEXP
     --show-function-line=REGEXP
     -H --speed-large-files
     --suppress-common-lines
     -a --text
     --unchanged-group-format=ARG
     -u
       -U NLINES
       --unified[=LINES]
     -V ARG
     -W COLUMNS
       --width=COLUMNS

ਬ ᯮ짮  diff
----------------------------------

   ᫥ ப 뤠 㭨஢ ( 箬
`-u') ࠧ  ॢﬨ 1.14  1.19 䠩 `backend.c'.
-  䫠 `-kk' 祢 ᫮  ⠢,
⮬ ࠧ  祢 ᫮ .

     $ cvs diff -kk -u -r 1.14 -r 1.19 backend.c

   ।,  ᯥਬ⠫쭠 ⪠ `EXPR1' 뫠
᭮   䠩, 祭  `RELEASE_1_0'.
⮡ 㢨,  ந諮  ⮩ ⪥, ᯮ


     $ cvs diff -r RELEASE_1_0 -r EXPR1

      ᯮ짮, ⮡ 
⥪ ࠧ   ﬨ ணࠬ
த:

     $ cvs diff -c -r RELEASE_1_0 -r RELEASE_1_1 > diffs

   ᫨   䠩 `ChangeLog',   ⨯
㪠  ਤ㬠 室騩 ⥪ 
ୠ쭮 .   ,   ᤥ, 
த஢   㤮 .

     $ cvs diff -u | less

 export: ᯮ஢ 室 ⥪
==============================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: export [-flNnR] [-r rev|-D ] [-k
     subst] [-d dir] ...

   * ॡ: ९਩.

   * : ⥪騩 ⠫.

     宦   `checkout';  㦭
ᯮ짮, ᫨     室 ⥪⮢
  㦥 ⠫ CVS.  ਬ, 
`export'  ᯮ짮, ⮡ ⮢ 室
⥪  । .    ॡ 㪠
  ⪨ (  祩 `-D'  `-r'), ⮡ 
 ந   ᠬ 䠩,   ⤠.

     ᯮ짮 `cvs export' 室 㪠뢠
䫠 `-kv'.   ⮬ 祢 ᫮  ࠧ ⠪,
⮡    㣮   﫠 ଠ 
ॢ.  ,   ⮬ 砥  䠩 
 ४⭮ ࠡ뢠.   ,  ᫥
ᯮ짮 䫠 `-kv'   㤥 ᯮ짮
 `ident' (   RCS),  
ப  祢묨 ᫮ (. `ident(1)').  ᫨  
ᯮ짮 `ident',   ᯮ `-kv'.

  export
--------------------

    `export' ন ⠭ ,
ᠭ  *Note ⠭ ::.

`-D DATE'
     ᯮ짮 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ   祬 DATE.

`-f'
     ᫨   ᮢ饩 ॢ,  ᠬ
     ᢥ ॢ (  ஢ 䠩).

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-n'
      믮 ணࠬ  祭.

`-R'
     ⠫ ४ᨢ.   㬮砭   ⠪.
     . *Note ᨢ ::.

`-r '
     ᯮ짮 ॢ .

    ন ᫥騥  (騥 
`checkout'  `export'):

`-d DIR'
       ࠡ 䠩 ⠫ DIR,  
     ᯮ짮  .  *Note  
     checkout::,   ᠭ ⠫ ࠡ⪨
     ⮣ 䫠.

`-k SUBST'
     ⠭ ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮ (*note
      ⠭::).

`-N'
      ⮫쪮  ᯮ짮   `-d DIR'.
     *Note   checkout::,   ᠭ
     ⠫ ࠡ⪨ ⮣ 䫠.

 history:  ﭨ 䠩  짮⥫
==========================================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: history [-report] [-flags] [-options
     args] [files...]

   * ॡ: 䠩 `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/history', 
     ९਩.

   * 祣  .

   CVS   䠩 ਨ, ᫥騩 
ᯮ짮  `checkout', `commit', `rtag', `update'
 `release'.   ⮣, ⮡ ⮡ࠦ  ଠ 
ࠧ ଠ, ᯮ  `history'.

   ୠ஢   祭 ⥬ ᮧ 䠩
`$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/history'.

   *।०:* `history' ᯮ  `-f', `-l',
`-n'  `-p'  ⠪,   筮 ᯮ  
CVS (*note ⠭ ::).

  history
---------------------

   ᪮쪮 䫠,    ⢥ ࠬ
`-report',   㥬 :

`-c'
         `commit' (   
      ९).

`-e'
       ᥬ (  ᥩ).  ⭮
      `-x'  ᥬ ⨯ ᥩ.  筮, `-e'
     㤥 ⠪   ⨯ ᥩ,  
        ᪠ CVS;  ᫨  
     ਯ,   ࠡ뢠 ⮫쪮 ।
     ⨯ ᥩ, ᯮ `-x'.

`-m MODULE'
        ⭮  (
     ᯮ짮 `-m' ᪮쪮 ࠧ   
     ப.)

`-o'
       祭 .

`-T'
        ⪠.

`-x TYPE'
      㪠  ⨯ ᥩ TYPE  ਨ
     CVS.    묨 㪢,  
     ᯮ짮  .

        ⢥ ⨯ :

    `F'
          release

    `O'
          checkout

    `E'
          export

    `T'
          rtag

     ᫥ 믮  `update'   
       ⨯ ᥩ:

    `C'
          A merge was necessary but collisions were
          detected (requiring manual merging).

    `G'
          A merge was necessary and it succeeded.

    `U'
          A working file was copied from the repository.

    `W'
          The working copy of a file was deleted during
          update (because it was gone from the repository).

     ᫥ 믮  `commit'  
        ⨯ ᥩ:

    `A'
          A file was added for the first time.

    `M'
          A file was modified.

    `R'
          A file was removed.

   ,    ࠬ `-flags', 
⥫ ࠭祭 , , 
⥫ ଠ  ,  ॡ ⥫
ࠬ஢:

`-a'
         짮⥫ ( 㬮砭
     뤠 ⮫쪮 ଠ  짮⥫, 믮饬
      `history').

`-l'
      ⮫쪮 ᫥ .

`-w'
      ⮫쪮   , 믮 
     ⮣  ࠡ祣 ⠫,  믮 
     `history'.

   ,    ࠬ `-options ARGS',
 ⥫ ࠭祭, ᯮ 㬥:

`-b STR'
     뢠      ᫥ ப
     STR, 祭   ,  䠩  
      ९.

`-D '
     뢠   .    ⫨砥 
     筮 ᯮ짮 `-D ',  ஬
      ᠬ ᢥ ॢ,  祬 .

`-f FILE'
     뢠   ⭮ 䠩 (
     ᯮ짮 ᪮쪮 祩 `-f'   
     ப).   ⭮ 㪠 䠩  
     ப.

`-n MODULE'
     뢠   ⭮  (
     ᯮ짮 ᪮쪮 祩 `-n'   
     ப).

`-p REPOSITORY'
     뢠 , ⭮騥  ⭮
     ९ (     ப
        `-p'.)

`-r REV'
     뢠 , ⭮騥  ॢ, 訬
     ᫥  ॢ  ⪨ REV.
     ⢥騥 ॢ  ⪨   
     RCS-䠩.

`-t TAG'
     뢠 , ᤥ   ,   䠩
     ਨ    ⪥ TAG.   ⫨砥
       `-r' ⥬,  ⠥ ⮫쪮 䠩 ਨ, 
      RCS-䠩,  ࠧ ॥.

`-u NAME'
     뢠   짮⥫ NAME.

 import: ஢ 室 ⥪
=============================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: import [-options] repository vendortag
     releasetag...

   * ॡ: ९਩, ⠫  室묨 ⥪⠬.

   * : ९਩.

   ᯮ `import'  饭   ९਩
楫 ॢ ⠫, 祭  譥 筨
(ਬ, ⠢騪 室 ⥪⮢).    
ᯮ짮   砫쭮 , ⠪  
쭮    譥 筨.  *Note
  室묨 ⥪⠬::,  㦤 
.

   ࠬ REPOSITORY   ⠫ (  
⠫)  ୥ ⠫ CVS-९; ᫨ 
⠫  ,  CVS ᮧ .

       楫  ॢ
⠫, ஥ 뫮   襬 ९ਨ 
 ᫥ ,  㢥   䠩,
䫨    ࠧࠡ⪨;  ᮢ
`import', ᯮ `checkout -j', ⮡ ᮣᮢ
.

   ᫨ CVS 蠥,  䠩 㦭 ஢ (*note 
cvsignore::),      䠩  ⠥ `I
-' (*note 饭  import::,  
ᠭ ᮮ饭).

   ᫨  䠩 `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/cvswrappers', 
䠩,   ᮢ  ᯥ䨪ﬨ  ⮬ 䠩,
  packages    । ⮬ 
ந 㪠 ⢨.  *Note ⪨::.

   㦨 室 ⥪ ࠭  ⪥ ࢮ ஢,
 㬮砭 饩  1.1.1.   
ﬨ  ⮩ ⪥; ਬ, 䠩  ࢮ
஢ 樨 室   ॢ
1.1.1.1, 䠩  ࢮ ஢  ⮩
樨   ॢ 1.1.1.2  . .

    ॡ  ࠩ   ࠬ.
REPOSITORY ॡ, ⮡   室.
VENDORTAG --  ⪠ 楫 ⢨ (ਬ, 1.1.1).  
⮣, ⮡ ஢ 䠩, 室騥  ,
ࠧ   , ॡ 㪠
RELEASETAG.

   ,  `import' __  ⠫,  ஬
 믮  .   ⭮,  ⠫ 
⠭ ࠡ稬 ⠫ CVS; ᫨   ࠡ 
室묨 ⥪⠬ - ᭠砫  ,  ⥬
  㣮 ⠫ (*note 祭 室
::).

  import
--------------------

    `import' ন ⠭ ,
ᠭ  *note ⠭ :::

`-m '
     ᯮ짮   ⢥ ୠ쭮 , 
      뢠 ।.

    ⠪ ᫥騥 ᯥ樠 :

`-b BRANCH'
     . *Note ᪮쪮 ⮪ ⠢騪::.

`-k SUBST'
       ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮.  
     ࠬ 㤥    䠩, ᮧ  ६
     ,    ,  㦥 ⢮ 
     ९ਨ.  . *Note  ⠭::, 
     뢠 ࠧ襭 ࠬ  `-k'.

`-I NAME'
       䠩,  ᫥ ஢ 
     .     ᯮ짮 ᪮쪮 ࠧ.
     ⮡  ஢   䠩,  `-I !'.

     NAME   蠡  䠩, ⨯ , 
        䠩 `.cvsignore'.  *Note 
     cvsignore::.

`-W SPEC'
       䠩,  ᫥ 䨫஢
     । ⮬.     ᯮ짮
     ᪮쪮 ࠧ.

     SPEC   蠡  䠩, ⨯ , 
        䠩 `.cvswrappers'.  *Note ⪨::.

饭  output
------------------------

    `import' ᮮ頥   ᢮ ⥫쭮,
 ப   䠩,  砫 ன 室
 ᨬ, ᮮ騩   䠩:

`U FILE'
      㦥   ९ਨ    쭮
     ; 㤥 ᮧ  ॢ, ᫨ 㦭.

`N FILE'
       䠩  ⥯    ९਩.

`C FILE'
      㦥   ९ਨ,   
     쭮, ⮬  ॡ ꥤ .

`I FILE'
       (*note  cvsignore::).

`L FILE'
       ᨬ᪮ 뫪; `cvs import'
      ᨬ᪨ 뫪.  ਮ᪨
     ।   ,   ⪮
     ᮣ襭,  .  (   䠩
     `modules'  ᯮ짮  ᮧ
     ᨬ᪨ 뫮  祭,   .
     .; *note  modules::).

ਬ ᯮ짮  import
------------------------------------

   . *Note   室묨 ⥪⠬::,  ⠪
*Note  䠩::.

 log:  ଠ  䠩
===========================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: log [options] [files...]

   * ॡ: ९਩, ࠡ稩 ⠫.

   * 祣  .

   ⮡ࠦ ୠ ଠ  䠩.  `log'
ᯮ, ⮡ 맢 ⨫ `rlog'  
RCS.  Although this is no longer true in the current
sources, this history determines the format of the output
and the options, which are not quite in the style of the
other CVS commands.

    ᮮ頥  ⮭宦 RCS-䠩, 
ॢ (`HEAD') (᫥ ॢ  ⢮,  
䠢  ⮪,  ⠪  
ଠ.    ॢ ⠥  , ,
⢮ 㤠   ப  ୠ쭮
ᮮ饭.   ⪨ ६ ⮡ࠦ  ਭ (
UTC).  (㣨  CVS  ६  ⭮
६' ).

   *।०: * `log' ᯮ  `-R'  ⠪,
  筮   CVS (*note ⠭ ::).

  log
-----------------

    㬮砭  `log' ᮮ頥  㯭
ଠ.   ।祭  ࠭祭 뤠.

`-b'
     ⠥ ଠ  ॢ  ⪥  㬮砭,
     筮  ᠬ  ⪠  ⢮.

`-d DATES'
     ⠥ ଠ  ॢ, 饭 
     ९਩  ஬⪥ ६,  ᯨ᪮ 
     १   ⮩.  ଠ   , 
     ᯮ   箬 `-D' (*note ⠭
     ::).    ஢ ᫥騬 ࠧ:

    `D1<D2'
    `D2>D1'
           ॢ,  뫨 饭 
          ९਩  ⮩ D1  ⮩ D2.

    `<D'
    `D>'
            ॢ, ஢ D  ࠭.

    `D<'
    `>D'
            ॢ, ஢ D  .

    `D'
           ᫥ ॢ, ஢ D 
          ࠭.

      ᨬ `>'  `<'  ᯮ짮 `<=' 
     `>=', ⮡   ⥫쭮,  
     ᪫⥫쭮.

      箬 `-d'   㬥⮬   
     ஡.   ⠪,  ࠧ⥫ 
     窠  ⮩ (`;').

`-h'
     ⠥ ⮫쪮  RCS-䠩,  䠩  ࠡ祬
     ⠫,  ॢ, ॢ  㬮砭,
     ᯨ᮪ ࠢ 㯠, ஢, 䠢  
     䨪.

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-N'
      뤠 ᯨ᮪ ⮪  ⮣ 䠩.   
     , ᫨  ᯮ  ⮪, ⮡
      ᬠਢ  ࠭ ଠ樨 
     ⪠.

`-R'
     ⠥ ⮫쪮  RCS-䠩.

`-rREVISIONS'
     ⠥ ଠ  ॢ, ᫥  ᯨ᪥
     ॢ   , ࠧ 묨.   ⮩
     ⠡ ਢ  㯭 ଠ :

    `REV1:REV2'
            REV1  REV2 ( 室 
           ⪥).

    `:REV'
            砫 ⪨   REV ⥫쭮.

    `REV:'
          , 稭  REV   ⪨, ᮤঠ饩
          REV.

    `BRANCH'
          㬥, 騩 ⪮ 砥  ॢ
           ⮩ ⪥.

    `BRANCH1:BRANCH2'
           ⢥ 砥  ॢ  ⪠ 
          ⮬ .

    `BRANCH.'
          ᫥ ॢ  ⪥ BRANCH.

     ⮩  `-r',  ᯨ᪠ ॢ, 砥
     ᯮ짮 ᫥ ॢ  ⪥  㬮砭,
     筮  ⢮.   箬 `-r'   ࠬ஬
        ஡.

`-s STATES'
     ⠥ ଠ  ॢ, 祩 ਡ ﭨ
     ᮢ  ﭨ  ࠧ 묨 ᯨ᪠
     STATES.

`-t'
     ⠥   ᠬ,   `-h',  ⥪ ᠭ.

`-wLOGINS'
     ⠥ ଠ  ॢ, ᮧ
     짮⥫ﬨ, ᫥묨 १   ᯨ᪥
     LOGINS.  ᫨ ᯨ᮪ 饭, ᯮ  ⥪饣
     짮⥫.   箬 `-w'   㬥⮬ 
       ஡.

   `log' ⠥ ଠ  ॢ 㤮⢮
砬 `-d', `-s', `-w'  ᮢ㯭 祩 `-b'  `-r'.

ਬ ᯮ짮  log
---------------------------------

   ਬ   ୮ ਭ.

 rdiff: 뤠   ﬨ  ଠ patch
==============================================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: rdiff [-flags] [-V vn] [-r t|-D d [-r
     t2|-D d2]] modules...

   * ॡ: ९਩.

   * 祣  .

   * : `patch'.

    䠩    ﬨ த 
ଠ ணࠬ `patch(1)', ᠭ  .
 䠩  ᪮ନ ணࠬ `patch', ⮡ 
   .  (     CVS,
 ࠡ   ९ਥ   ॡ
।⥫쭮 祭 室 ⥪⮢.)  
뤠  ⠭ 뢮.

      (ᯮ ⠭  `-r' 
`-D')    ॢ  .  ᫨ 㪠
⮫쪮  ॢ  ,  १ ᮤন
  ஬⪥  ⮩ ॢ  ⮩ 
⥪饩  ॢ  RCS-䠩.

   ,  ᫨ ᮮ⢥  த
室  ᪮쪨 ⠫,   ॡ
㪠  `patch'    室
 `-p', ⮡ `patch' ᬮ  䠩, 室騥 
㣨 ⠫.

  rdiff
-------------------

    `rdiff' ন ⠭ ,
ᠭ  *note ⠭ :::

`-D DATE'
     ᯮ짮 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ, ᤥ  
     DATE.

`-f'
     ᫨   ᮢ饩 ॢ,  ᠬ
     ᢥ ॢ (  ஢ 䠩).

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-R'
     ⠫ ४ᨢ.   㬮砭   ⠪.
     . *Note ᨢ ::.

`-r TAG'
     ᯮ짮 ॢ TAG.

    㯭 ᫥騥 :

`-c'
     ᯮ짮 ⥪ ଠ.   㬮砭 
      ⠪.

`-s'
       䠩  ࠢﬨ ⪨  
     .   ᮤন ଠ  䠩,
      뫨     ஬⪥ 
     ﬨ.    뤠  ⠭ 뢮.
      , ਬ,  ᭥,  
     䠩    ⠬  ॢﬨ.

`-t'
        ᫥ ॢﬨ 뤠 
     ⠭ 뢮.   ᮡ  
     ᭥,  祬 砫 ᫥  䠩.

`-u'
     ᯮ짮 㭨஢ ଠ 䠩 .
     ,   ᨨ ணࠬ `patch'  
     ࠡ뢠  ଠ, ⮬ ᫨  
     㡫   ,  , ᪮॥ ᥣ,
      ᫥ ᯮ짮  `-u'.

`-V VN'
     뢠 祢 ᫮  ᮮ⢥⢨  ࠢ,
     ਭ묨  RCS ᨨ VN (ଠ ⠭
       RCS ᨨ 5).  ,   
       ࠡ뢠.  CVS ᥣ 㤥 뢠
     祢 ᫮ ⠪,    RCS ᨨ 5.

ਬ ᯮ짮  rdiff
-----------------------------------

   ।,  砥 쬮  foo@example.net,
   ᫠   ᨨ 1.2 
ᨨ 1.4  `tc'.      㪮 ⠪
,    CVS    ᤥ ⠪:

     $ cvs rdiff -c -r FOO1_2 -r FOO1_4 tc | \
     $$ Mail -s 'ࠢ,   訢' foo@example.net

   ।,   ᤥ  1.3   `R_1_3fix'
 ࠢ ⮩ ᨨ. `R_1_3_1' ᮮ⢥ ᨨ
1.3.1,  뫠 ᤥ ஥ ६ .  
  㧭,   뫮 ᤥ  ⮩ ⪥.
 ᯮ짮 ⠪ :

     $ cvs patch -s -r R_1_3_1 -r R_1_3fix module-name
     cvs rdiff: Diffing module-name
     File ChangeLog,v changed from revision 1.52.2.5 to 1.52.2.6
     File foo.c,v changed from revision 1.52.2.3 to 1.52.2.4
     File bar.h,v changed from revision 1.29.2.1 to 1.2

 release: ᮮ,     ᯮ
===========================================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: release [-d] directories...

   * ॡ: ࠡ稩 ⠫.

   * : ࠡ稩 ⠫, ୠ ਨ.

      ᯮ짮, ⮡  ࠧ
⬥ `cvs checkout'.    CVS   䠩, 
ᯮ짮   易⥫쭮.   ᥣ 
 㤠 ࠡ稩 ⠫, ᫨ ; ࠢ, 
⮬ 砥    ,  
뫨,   䠩 ਨ (*note  history::) 
⠥  ᫥ ⮣,   ᨫ 祭
室.

    `cvs release'   ⮩ ஡.
 ஢,   ࠡ祬 ⠫  䨪஢
;   믮    ⠫, 
஬ 室 ࠡ稩 ⠫;  ९਩, 
ண  祭 ࠡ稩 ⠫, ᮢ 
९ਥ, ᠭ    㫥.

   ᫨   ᫮ 믮, `cvs release' ⠢
  ᢮ 믮  ୠ ਨ (㤮⮢,
  ᮧ⥫쭮 ⫮ 祭 ⥪).

  release
---------------------

    `release' ন ⢥ :

`-d'
      ࠡ  䠩, ᫨  ଠ쭮.
     ᫨  䫠  㪠,   䠩 ⠭ 
     襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

     *।०:*  `release' ४ᨢ 㤠
      ⠫  䠩.    祭  
     䥪:  ⠫,   ᮧ  祭
     ॢ 室,     ९਩
     (ᯮ  `add'; *note  䠩::)
      㬭 㤠 --  ᫨  ⠫
     !

饭  release
-------------------------

   । ⥬,  `release' ᢮  室 ⥪,
  ⠥ 筮 ᮮ饭  
䠩,   ᮮ⢥ ᮤন ९.

   *।०:*  ⠫,   ᮧ,  
  ९਩    `add' (*note
 䠩::),  㬭 ந஢ (
㤠, ᫨  㪠 䫠 `-d'),  ᫨  ⠫
ᮤঠ 䠩.

`U FILE'
`P FILE'
      ९ਨ   ॢ ⮣ 䠩, 
        ࠡ  (`U'  `P'  
       ).

`A FILE'
          ࠡ稩 ⠫,    
     饭  ९਩.  ᫨  㤠  
     室 ⥪⮢,   䠩 㤥 .

`R FILE'
       㤠  襣 ࠡ祣 ⠫,   
      㤠  ९, ⮬    
     䨪஢ 㤠.  *Note  commit::.

`M FILE'
        ࠡ祬 ⠫.   ९ਨ ⠪
         ॢ.

`? FILE'
     FILE 室  ࠡ祬 ⠫,   ᮮ⢥
       䠩  ९ਨ,   室  ᯨ᪥
     䠩,  㦭 ஢ (. ᠭ 
     `-I'  *note  cvsignore::).  ᫨  㤠
     ࠡ稩 ⠫,   .

ਬ ᯮ짮  release
-------------------------------------

   ᢮ ⠫ `tc'  㤠 ࠡ稥  䠩:

     $ cd ..         #  㦭 室  ⠫, ᮤঠ饬 
                     #  ⠫  室묨 ⥪⠬, । ⥬,
                     #   믮  `cvs release'.
     $ cvs release -d tc
     You have [0] altered files in this repository.
     Are you sure you want to release (and delete) directory `tc': y
     $

 update:  ࠡ稩 ⠫  ९
=======================================================

   * ⪠ ᢮: update [-AdflPpR] [-d] [-r tag|-D
     date] files...

   * ॡ: ९਩, ࠡ稩 ⠫.

   * : ࠡ稩 ⠫.

   ᫥ ⮣,     饣 ९
ࠡ  室 ⥪⮢, 㣨 ࠧࠡ稪
த     ९਩.  ६ 
६,  㤮   ६  ᯮ짮 
`update'  襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫, ⮡ 易 
ࠡ  ॢﬨ, 饭묨  ९਩ ᫥ ⮣,
    ᫥ ࠧ 﫨  ࠡ稩
⠫.

  update
--------------------

    `update' ন ⠭ , 
 ᠭ  *note ⠭ :::

`-D date'
     ᯮ짮 ᠬ ᢥ ॢ, ᮧ  
     DATE.     ,  ࠧ㬥
     ᯮ짮  `-P'.  . *Note  ⪨::,
       ᠭ  ⪨  .

`-f'
      ⮫쪮  ᯮ짮   砬 `-D
     '  `-r '.  ᫨   ᮢ饩
     ॢ,  ᠬ ᢥ ॢ,  
     ஢ 䠩.

`-k KFLAG'
     ࠡ뢠 祢 ᫮  ᮮ⢥⢨  KFLAG.
     .  *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.   
      ; 쭥訥  ⮣ 䠩 
     ࠡ祬 ⠫  ᯮ짮   ᠬ
     KFLAG.   `status'  ᯮ짮 
     ᬮ  祩.  . *Note 맮 CVS::, 
     ᠭ  `status'.

`-l'
      室 ॢ ⠫, ࠡ ⮫쪮 
     ⥪饬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

`-P'
       ⠫.  . *Note ६饭
     ⠫::.

`-p'
      䠩  ⠭ 뢮.

`-R'
     ࠡ뢠 ⠫ ४ᨢ.   㬮砭 
      ⠪.  . *Note ᨢ ::.

`-r rev'
      ॢ/ REV.      
     ࠧ㬥 ᯮ짮 `-P'.  . *Note 
     ⪨::,   ᠭ  ⪨  .

    `update'  ⠪ ᯮ짮  ⠪
砬:

`-A'
       ਫ訥 ⪨,   .  . *Note
      ⪨::,  ⠪ *Note ⠭ 祢
     ᫮::.

`-d'
      ⠫, 騥  ९ਨ, ᫨
        ࠡ祬 ⠫.  筮 `update'
     ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮  䠩  ⠫,  㦥
     뫨 ᮧ  ࠡ祬 ⠫.

          ⠫, 
     뫨 ᮧ  ९ਨ 㦥 ᫥ 祭 襩
     ࠡ祩 ,      
     䥪: ᫨  ᯥ樠쭮  ।
     ⠫  ९ਨ,  ᮧ ࠡ稩
     ⠫ (ᯮ  㫥    
      ப ॡ㥬 䠩  ⠫), 
       箬 `-d' ᮧ  
     ⠫.

`-I NAME'
      ६  ஢ 䠩  襬 ࠡ祬
     ⠫,   ᮢ  NAME.  
     ᯮ짮   ᪮쪮 ࠧ, ⮡ 
     ᪮쪮 䠩,  㦭 ஢.
     ᯮ `-I !', ⮡  ஢  
     䠩.  *Note  cvsignore::,  ᠭ 㣨
     ᯮᮡ ஢ 䠩.

`-WSPEC'
       䠩,  ᫥ 䨫஢ 
     ६ .     ᯮ짮
     ᪮쪮 ࠧ.

     SPEC --  蠡  䠩 ⨯ ,  
     ᯮ짮  䠩 `.cvswrappers'.  *Note ⪨::.

`-jREVISION'
      ᯮ짮  祩 `-j'  ࠡ祬 ⠫
     ந室 ꥤ   ॢ,
       箬,  ॢ,  
     箬.

      ᯮ짮   `-j'  ࠡ祬 ⠫
     ந室 ᫨ﭨ   ॢ-। 
     ॢ,  箬 `-j'.  -। -- 
     騩 । ॢ,  ᭮ ன ᮧ ࠡ稩
     ⠫,  ॢ,  箬 `-j'.

     ,   `-j'  ᮤঠ
     易⥫쭮 㪠 , , 
     ᯮ짮   ﬨ,  ⥫쭮
     ࠭ 롮 ॢ.  易⥫쭠 
        (`:')  ⪥:
     `-jSYMBOLIC_TAG:DATE_SPECIFIER'.

     *Note  ⢥  ᫨ﭨ::.

饭  update
------------------------

    `update'  `checkout' ନ  ᢮
⥫쭮,     ࠡ⠭ 䠩.
 ᨬ 砥  ⮣ 䠩:

`U FILE'
         ९.  
     ந:  䠩,   ९ਨ,
        襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫;  䠩,  
      﫨,     ९ਨ 
      ᢥ ॢ.

`P FILE'
     宦  `U',   ⮣ 䠩 CVS-ࢥ 뫠
     䠩  ࠢﬨ  楫 䠩.
     騩 䠩 뢠 ⥬  ᠬ.

`A FILE'
         襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫,  㤥
     饭  ९਩,   믮 
     `commit'.   ᮮ饭 --   ⮬, 
     䠩 ॡ 䨪஢.

`R FILE'
       㤠  襩 筮  室, 
     㤥 㤠  ९,   믮
      `commit'.   ᮮ饭 --   ⮬,
      䠩 ॡ 䨪஢.

`M FILE'
         襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫.

     `M'      ﭨ 䠩, 
       ࠡ⠥:   䠩   
     ९ਨ,  ⮬ ⠫   १
     믮  `update',   䠩 
       ࠡ祬 ⠫, ⠪   ९ਨ, 
     ᫨ﭨ    ࠡ稩 䠩 諮 ᯥ譮,
      䫨⮢.

     CVS 뤠  ᮮ饭,  ᫨
     ,  ⠢ १ࢭ  ࠡ祣 䠩
     (  룫拉 । 믮 `update').  筮
      ⮣ 䠩 ⠥  ६ ࠡ `update'.

`C FILE'
      ⪥ ꥤ   ९  
     ࠡ  䠩  㦥 䫨.  FILE
     ( ࠡ ) ⥯  १⮬
     ⪨ ꥤ  ॢ;  
     䠩 ⠪ 室  ࠡ祬 ⠫,  
     `.#FILE.REVISION',  REVISION --  ॢ, 
     ன  ᭮   䠩.  襭
     䫨⮢ ᠭ  *Note ਬ 䫨::.
     (,   ⥬ ⮬᪨ 㤠
     䠩, 稭騥  `.#', ᫨  ⨬ 䠩  뫮
     饭  祭 ᪮쪨 .  ᫨  
     ࠭  室 䠩, २ .)
      VMS  䠩 稭  `__',    `.#'.

`? FILE'
     FILE 室  襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫,  
     ᮮ⢥   䠩  ९ਨ,  
     室  ᯨ᪥ 䠩,  㦭 ஢
     (. ᠭ  `-I'  *note  cvsignore::).

⪨ ࠢ筨   CVS
**********************************

    ⮬ ਫ ᠭ,  뢠 CVS,  뫪
   㪮⢥,  ⠫쭮 ᠭ 
.  ⥫ ଠ  ,
믮 `cvs --help'  稢 *Note ::.

    CVS 룫廊 ⠪:

     cvs [ GLOBAL_OPTIONS ] COMMAND [ COMMAND_OPTIONS ] [ COMMAND_ARGS ]

    :

`--allow-root=ROOTDIR'
     蠥 ᯮ짮 ⠫ CVSROOT (⮫쪮 
     ࢥ) ( ॠ  CVS 1.9  ࠭).  .
     *Note ࢥ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨::.

`-a'
     ⥭஢  ⢨ (⮫쪮 
     ) ( ॠ  CVS 1.9  ࠭).  .
     *Note  ::.

`-b'
      ⮭宦 ணࠬ RCS (CVS 1.9  ࠭).
     . *Note  ::.

`-d ROOT'
      CVSROOT.  . *Note ਩::.

`-e '
     ஢ ᮮ饭   .  .
     *Note ஢ ::.

`-f'
       䠩 `~/.cvsrc'.  . *Note 
     ::.

`-H'
`--help'
     뤠 ࠢ筮 ᮮ饭.  . *Note 
     ::.

`-l'
      ୠ஢   䠩 `CVSROOT/history'.
     . *Note  ::.

`-n'
       䠩  ᪥.  . *Note 
     ::.

`-Q'
     ᥬ  뤠 ᮮ饭.  . *Note 
     ::.

`-q'
      ᮢᥬ  뤠 ᮮ饭.  . *Note
      ::.

`-r'
       ࠡ稥 䠩  ० "⮫쪮 
     ⥭".  . *Note  ::.

`-s VARIABLE=VALUE'
     ⠭ 짮⥫ ६.  . *Note
     ६::.

`-T TEMPDIR'
      ६ 䠩  ⠫ TEMPDIR.  .
     *Note  ::.

`-t'
     ᫥ 室 믮 CVS.  . *Note 
     ::.

`-v'

`--version'
      ଠ  ᨨ ணࠬ CVS 
     ᪨ ࠢ.

`-w'
       ࠡ稥 䠩  ०  ⥭ 
     .  . *Note  ::.

`-x'
     ஢  ॣ  ࢥ஬ (⮫쪮 
     ).  . *Note  ::.

`-z GZIP-LEVEL'
     ⠭ 樥 ᦠ (⮫쪮  ).

    ⠭ 祢 ᫮ (*note 
⠭::):

     -kkv  $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp $
     -kkvl $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
     -kk   $Id$
     -kv   file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp
     -ko    ⠢
     -kb    ⠢, 䠩  

   祢 ᫮ (*note ᮪ 祢 ᫮::):

     $Author: joe $
     $Date: 1993/12/09 03:21:13 $
     $Header: /home/files/file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
     $Id: file1,v 1.1 1993/12/09 03:21:13 joe Exp harry $
     $Locker: harry $
     $Name: snapshot_1_14 $
     $RCSfile: file1,v $
     $Revision: 1.1 $
     $Source: /home/files/file1,v $
     $State: Exp $
     $Log: file1,v $
     Revision 1.1  1993/12/09 03:30:17  joe
     Initial revision

   ,    ࠬ:

`add [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
       䠩  ⠫.  . *Note 
     䠩::.

    `-k KFLAG'
           ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮.  .
          *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

    `-m MSG'
           ᠭ 䠩.

`admin [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     ⨢ 㭪樨 䠩 ਨ ᨩ 
     ९ਨ.  . *Note  admin::.

    `-b[REV]'
          ⠭   㬮砭.  . *Note ⬥
           ::.

    `-cSTRING'
           䨪 .

    `-k KFLAG'
           ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮.  .
          *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

    `-l[REV]'
          ஢ ॢ REV  ᫥ ॢ.

    `-mREV:MSG'
           ୠ  ॢ REV ᮮ饭
          MSG.

    `-oRANGE'
           ॢ  ९.  . *Note 
           admin::.

    `-q'
          믮 ,  뤠 ᮮ饭.

    `-sSTATE[:REV]'
          ⠭ ﭨ ॢ.

    `-t'
           ᠭ 䠩  ⠭⭮ .

    `-tFILE'
           ᠭ 䠩  FILE.

    `-t-STRING'
          ⠭ ᠭ 䠩  STRING.

    `-u[REV]'
          ஢ ॢ REV  ᫥ ॢ.

`annotate [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
       ப  ᫥ ॢ, 
      뫠 .  . *Note annotate::.

    `-D DATE'
          ஢ ᠬ ᫥ ॢ, ᮧ
            DATE.  . *Note ⠭ ::.

    `-f'
          ᯮ짮  ॢ (`HEAD'), ᫨ 
           㪠 ⪨  .  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r TAG'
          ஢ ॢ TAG.  . *Note ⠭
          ::.

`checkout [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
       室 ⥪⮢.  . *Note 
     checkout::.

    `-A'
            ਫ訥 ⪨,   .  .
          *Note  ⪨::,  ⠪ *Note ⠭
          祢 ᫮::.

    `-c'
           ᮤন   㫥.  .
          *Note   checkout::.

    `-D DATE'
           ॢ, ஢ DATE ( 
          ).  . *Note ⠭ ::.

    `-d DIR'
            ⠫ DIR.  . *Note  
          checkout::.

    `-f'
          ᯮ짮  ॢ (`HEAD'), ᫨ 
           㪠 ⪨  .  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-j REV'
           .  . *Note  
          checkout::.

    `-k KFLAG'
          ᯮ짮 ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮
          KFLAG.  . *Note  ⠭::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-N'
           १   , ᫨   `-d'.
          . *Note   checkout::.

    `-n'
           믮  ணࠬ.  . *Note 
           checkout::.

    `-P'
            ⠫.  . *Note ६饭
          ⠫::.

    `-p'
           䠩,    ⠭ 뢮
          ( ).  . *Note  
          checkout::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r TAG'
           ॢ TAG ( ).  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-s'
          宦  `-c',  뤠 ⠪  .
          . *Note   checkout::.

`commit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     頥   ९਩.  . *Note 
     commit::.

    `-F '
          ⠥ ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭  .  . *Note
            commit::.

    `-f'
          ਭ㤨⥫쭮 䨪 䠩; 頥 ४.
          . *Note   commit::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-m MSG'
          ᯮ짮 MSG  ⢥ ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.
          . *Note   commit::.

    `-n'
           믮 ணࠬ.  . *Note  
          commit::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r REV'
          ஢  ॢ REV.  . *Note 
           commit::.

`diff [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     뢠   ॢﬨ.  . *Note
      diff::.    㪠 ন
     ⢮ 祩, ࠢ ଠ⮬ 뤠,
     ਬ, `-c'  ᮧ ⥪ 䠩
     .

    `-D DATE1'
          뤠   ॢ, ஢ DATE1,
           ࠡ祣 䠩.  . *Note  
          diff::.

    `-D DATE2'
          뤠   REV1  DATE1  DATE2.  .
          *Note   diff::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-N'
          砥     㤠
          䠩.  . *Note   diff::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r REV1'
          뤠   REV1  ࠡ祣 䠩.  .
          *Note   diff::.

    `-r REV2'
          뤠   REV1  DATE1  REV2.  .
          *Note   diff::.

`edit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     ਣ⮢  ।஢ 䠩,  
      .  . *Note ஢ 䠩::.

    `-a ACTIONS'
           ⢨,  묨 㦭 ᫥.
          ACTIONS   `edit', `unedit', `commit',
          `all'  `none'.  . *Note ஢
          䠩::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

`editors [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     ᬮ,  । 䠩,   
     .  *Note ଠ  ᫥::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

`export [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
     ᯮ஢ 䠩  CVS.  . *Note 
     export::.

    `-D DATE'
           ॢ, ஢ DATE.  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-d DIR'
            ⠫ DIR.  . *Note  
          export::.

    `-f'
          ᯮ짮  ॢ (`HEAD'), ᫨ 
           㪠 ⪨  .  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-k KFLAG'
           ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮.  .
          *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-N'
           १   , ᫨   `-d'.
          . *Note   checkout::.

    `-n'
           믮 ணࠬ । 祭.  .
          *Note   export::.

    `-P'
            ⠫.  . *Note ६饭
          ⠫::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r TAG'
           ॢ TAG ( ).  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

`history [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
       饭  ९.  . *Note
      history::.

    `-a'
           ଠ   짮⥫ (
          㬮砭 -- ⮫쪮  ᥡ).  .  *Note 
           history::.

    `-b STR'
          뢠    宦 ப STR 
           , 䠩  ९.  . *Note
            history::.

    `-c'
            䨪஢ () 䠩.
          . *Note   history::.

    `-D DATE'
            ᮡ, 稭  DATE.  . *Note
            history::.

    `-e'
             ⨯ ᥩ.  . *Note 
           history::.

    `-l'
          Last modified (committed or modified report).
          . *Note   history::.

    `-m MODULE'
            㫥 MODULE (  
          ᪮쪮 ࠧ).  . *Note  
          history::.

    `-n MODULE'
              㫥 MODULE.  .
          *Note   history::.

    `-o'
            祭 .  . *Note 
           history::.

    `-r REV'
            , 稭  ॢ REV.
          .  *Note   history::.

    `-T'
          Produce report on all TAGs.  . *Note 
           history::.

    `-t TAG'
            , ᤥ  ,
           뫠 ᮧ ⪠ TAG.  . *Note 
           history::.

    `-u USER'
            , ᤥ 짮⥫
          USER (   ᪮쪮 ࠧ).  .
          *Note   history::.

    `-w'
          稥 ⠫  ᮢ.  . *Note
            history::.

    `-x TYPES'
            ⨯ ᮡ⨩ TYPES, 砥
          㪢 `TOEFWUCGMAR'.  . *Note  
          history::.

    `-z ZONE'
          ᯮ짮 ६'  ZONE.  . *Note
            history::.

`import [OPTIONS] REPOSITORY VENDOR-TAG RELEASE-TAGS...'
     ஢ 䠩  CVS, ᯮ ⪨ ⠢騪.
     . *Note  import::.

    `-b BRA'
          ஢   ⠢騪 BRA.  . *Note
          ᪮쪮 ⮪ ⠢騪::.

    `-d'
          ᯮ짮 ६ 䨪樨 䠩  ⢥
          ६ .  . *Note  
          import::.

    `-k KFLAG'
           ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮.  .
          *Note ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

    `-k KFLAG'
           ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮,
          騩  㬮砭.  . *Note 
           import::.

    `-m MSG'
          ᯮ짮 MSG  ⢥ ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.
          . *Note   import::.

    `-I IGN'
          ᮪ 䠩,  㦭 ஢ (`!'
          頥  ᯨ᮪).  . *Note  
          import::.

    `-W SPEC'
          ⥫ ⪨.  . *Note  
          import::.

`init'
      ९਩ CVS, ᫨    .
     . *Note  ९::.

`log [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
      ଠ  ਨ 䠩.  . *Note
      log::.

    `-b'
          뤠 ଠ ⮫쪮  ॢ  ⢨ 
          㬮砭.  . *Note   log::.

    `-d DATES'
            (D1<D2 砥 , D -- 
          ).  . *Note   log::.

    `-h'
           ⮫쪮 .  . *Note 
           log::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-N'
           뤠  ⮪.  . *Note  
          log::.

    `-R'
           ⮫쪮  RCS-䠩.  . *Note 
           log::.

    `-rREVS'
           ⮫쪮 ଠ  ॢ REVS. .
          *Note   log::.

    `-s STATES'
           ⮫쪮 ଠ  ॢ,
          室  㪠 ﭨ.  . *Note
            log::.

    `-t'
           ⮫쪮   ⥪ ᠭ.  .
          *Note   log::.

    `-wLOGINS'
          쪮  ॢ, ᮧ 㪠묨
          짮⥫ﬨ.  . *Note   log::.

`login'
      ஫  ⥭䨪樨  ࢥ.  .
     *Note ஫쭠 ⥭䨪 ::.

`logout'
      ࠭ ஫  ࢥ.  . *Note
     ஫쭠 ⥭䨪 ::.

`rdiff [OPTIONS] MODULES...'
      ࠧ  ﬨ.  . *Note 
     rdiff::.

    `-c'
          ⥪ ଠ 뤠  (
          㬮砭).  . *Note   rdiff::.

    `-D DATE'
           ॢ, ᮧ  DATE.  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-f'
          ᯮ짮  ॢ (`HEAD'), ᫨ 
           㪠 ⪨  .  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r REV'
           ॢ REV.  . *Note ⠭
          ::.

    `-s'
          ⪠ ⪠ --  ப  䠩.  .
          *Note   rdiff::.

    `-t'
          ᫥ , ᤥ  䠩.  .
          *Note   diff::.

    `-u'
          ஢ ଠ 뤠 .  .
          *Note   rdiff::.

    `-V VERS'
          ᯮ짮 RCS ᨨ VERS  ⠭
          祢 ᫮ (५).  . *Note 
           rdiff::.

`release [OPTIONS] DIRECTORY'
     뢠,  ⠫   ᯮ.  .
     *Note  release::.

    `-d'
           㪠 ⠫.  . *Note 
           release::.

`remove [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
      䠩  ९.  . *Note 
     䠩::.

    `-f'
           䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫ । 㤠
           ९.  . *Note  䠩::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

`rtag [OPTIONS] TAG MODULES...'
       ॢ  㫥.  . *Note ::,
      ⠪ *Note  ⢥  ᫨ﭨ::.

    `-a'
             㤠 䠩,  
          ⨢ 砥  뫨  祭.  . *Note
          ⪠   㤠::.

    `-b TAG'
            TAG.  . *Note  ⢥ 
          ᫨ﭨ::.

    `-D DATE'
           ॢ, ஢ DATE.  . *Note
          ⪠    ⪥::.

    `-d TAG'
            TAG.  . *Note  ⮪::.

    `-F'
          ६  TAG, ᫨  㦥 .
          . *Note  ⮪::.

    `-f'
          ᯮ짮  ॢ (`HEAD'), ᫨ 
           ⪠  .  . *Note ⪠ 
            ⪥::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-n'
           믮 ணࠬ  ᮧ ⮪.  .
          *Note ⠭ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r REV'
             REV.  . *Note
          ⪠    ⪥::.

`status [OPTIONS] FILES...'
      ଠ   䠩  ࠡ祬
     ⠫.  . *Note  䠩::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-v'
           ⠪ ଠ  ⪠  䠩.  .
          *Note ⪨::.

`tag [OPTIONS] TAG [FILES...]'
      祭 ᨨ 䠩.  . *Note
     ::,  ⠪ *Note  ⢥  ᫨ﭨ::.

    `-b'
            TAG.  . *Note  ⢥ 
          ᫨ﭨ::.

    `-c'
          ஢,  ࠡ稥 䠩  﫨.  .
          *Note ⪠ ࠡ祣 ⠫::.

    `-D DATE'
           ॢ, ஢ DATE.  . *Note
          ⪠    ⪥::.

    `-d'
            TAG.  . *Note  ⮪::.

    `-F'
          ६  TAG, ᫨  㦥 .
          . *Note  ⮪::.

    `-f'
          ᯮ짮  ॢ (`HEAD'), ᫨ 
           ⪠  .  . *Note ⪠ 
            ⪥::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r REV'
             REV.  . *Note
          ⪠    ⪥::.

`unedit [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     ⬥  `edit'.  . *Note ஢
     䠩::.

    `-a ACTIONS'
           ⢨,  묨 㦭 ᫥.
          ACTIONS   `edit', `unedit', `commit',
          `all'  `none'.  . *Note ஢
          䠩::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

`update [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
      ࠡ祥 ॢ ⠫  ९.  .
     *Note  update::.

    `-A'
            ਫ訥 ⪨,   .  .
          *Note  ⪨::,  ⠪ *Note ⠭
          祢 ᫮::.

    `-D DATE'
           ॢ, ஢ DATE (
           ).  . *Note ⠭ ::.

    `-d'
           ⠫.  . *Note  
          update::.

    `-f'
          ᯮ짮  ॢ (`HEAD'), ᫨ 
           㪠 ⪨  .  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-I IGN'
           䠩  ᯨ᮪ 㥬 (`!' 頥
           ᯨ᮪).  . *Note   import::.

    `-j REV'
          ꥤ .  . *Note  
          update::.

    `-k KFLAG'
          ᯮ짮 ० ⠭ 祢 ᫮
          KFLAG.  . *Note  ⠭::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-P'
            ⠫.  . *Note ६饭
          ⠫::.

    `-p'
           䠩  ⠭ 뢮 (
          ).  . *Note   update::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

    `-r TAG'
           ॢ TAG ( ).  . *Note
          ⠭ ::.

    `-W SPEC'
           .  . *Note  
          import::.

`watch [on|off|add|remove] [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     on/off: /몫 祭 䠩 ⮫쪮
      ⥭.  . *Note 祭 ᫥::.

     add/remove:   㤠 㢥 
     ந ⢨.  . *Note 祭
     㢥::.

    `-a ACTIONS'
           ⢨,  묨 㦭 ᫥.
          ACTIONS   `edit', `unedit', `commit',
          `all'  `none'.  . *Note ஢
          䠩::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

`watchers [OPTIONS] [FILES...]'
     뢥 ᯨ᮪ ᫥  䠩.  . *Note
     ଠ  ᫥::.

    `-l'
           ⮫쪮  ⥪饬 ⠫.  *Note
          ᨢ ::.

    `-R'
          ᨢ 室 ॢ ⠫ (
          㬮砭   ⠪).  *Note ᨢ
          ::.

ࠢ筨  ⨢ 䠩
*************************************

    ९ਨ CVS  ⠫ `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/'
室 ᪮쪮 ᯮ⥫ 䠩.   ࠡ 
CVS  䠩    ᯮ짮, ,  ࠢ쭮
஥묨,  ᯮᮡ ᨫ쭮   .
⮤ ।஢ ⠪ 䠩 㦤  *Note
: ⨢ 䠩.

     ⠪ 䠩  `modules', 
뢠 㫨, 室騥  ९ਨ.

 `modules'
==============

    䠩 `modules' 室 ᠭ 㫥,  
権 室 ⥪⮢.   㫥 
।஢   ⨢ 䠩 ᯮᮡ.

    `modules'  ᮤঠ  ப 
ਨ (ப, 稭騥  `#'),  ⠪ ᠭ
㫥.   ᠭ  ࠧ  ᪮쪮
ப, ᯮ    (`\')  ⢥
᫥ ᨬ  ப.

     ᭮ ⨯ 㫥: 㫨-ᨭ,
 㫨  ᥭ-㫨.    
砥  ᯮᮡ ᮯ⠢ 䠩  ९ਨ
䠩  ࠡ祬 ⠫.   ਢ ਬ 
९ਨ 室 ⠫ `first-dir/', ᮤঠ騩 
䠩, `file1'  `file2',  ⠪ ⠫ `sdir/'.
`first-dir/sdir/' ᮤন ⠪ 䠩 `sfile'.

㫨-ᨭ
---------------

   㫨 ᨭ --  ᠬ ⮩  㫥:

`MNAME -a ALIASES...'
      -- ⥩訩  ᠭ  MNAME.  
     `-a' 砥,    㤥  ᨭ
      㪠 ᯨ᪠ 㫥: CVS 㤥  
     MNAME, 㪠   ப, 筮 ⠪ , 
     ᫨     㪠 ᯨ᮪ ALIASES.  ALIASES
      ᮤঠ  㣨 㫥  
     ⠫.   ᯮ짮  ⠫ CVS
     ᮧ ஬ ⠫  ࠡ祬 ⠫, 
     ᫨        ப.

   ਬ, ᫨ 䠩 `modules' ᮤন ப

     amodule -a first-dir

 ᫥騥   :

     $ cvs co amodule
     $ cvs co first-dir

  뤠  ᮮ饭:
     cvs checkout: Updating first-dir
     U first-dir/file1
     U first-dir/file2
     cvs checkout: Updating first-dir/sdir
     U first-dir/sdir/sfile

 㫨
--------------

`MNAME [ options ] DIR [ FILES... ]'
      ⥩襬 砥  ଠ ᠭ 
     ᮪頥  `MNAME DIR'.   ⮬ 砥 䠩 
     ⠫ DIR ⠭ 㫥 MNAME.  DIR --  
     ⠫  室묨 ⥪⠬, ⭮⥫쭮
     `$CVSROOT'.   祭 室 ⥪⮢  ࠡ祬
     ⠫ ᮧ ⠫ MNAME;  㬮砭 
     ᯮ ஬ ⠫,  ᫨ DIR
     ⮨  ᪮쪨 ஢ ⠫.

   ਬ, ᫨  ᠭ 

     regmodule first-dir

 REGMODULE 㤥 ᮤঠ 䠩  `first-dir/':

     $ cvs co regmodule
     cvs checkout: Updating regmodule
     U regmodule/file1
     U regmodule/file2
     cvs checkout: Updating regmodule/sdir
     U regmodule/sdir/sfile
     $

    㪠뢠  ᠭ  ᫥  ⠫
 䠩,     ⠫ 
⤥쭮.   ਬ:

     regfiles first-dir/sdir sfile

 ⠪ ᠭ 祭  REGFILES ᮧ
⢥ ࠡ稩 ⠫ `regfiles', ᮤঠ騩
㪠 䠩,    ⠫
`first-dir/sdir/', 室饣  ९ਨ:

     $ cvs co regfiles
     U regfiles/sfile
     $

ᥭ-㫨
----------------

   ᠭ   뫠  㣨 㫨,
ᯮ  `&MODULE'.
     MNAME [ options ] &MODULE...

    祭 ⠪    ᥭ-
ᮧ ᮮ⢥騩 ⠫.  ਬ, ᫨ 䠩
`modules' ᮤন 

     ampermod &first-dir

     祭 㤥 ᮧ ⠫ `ampermod/',
ᮤঠ騩 ⠫,  뢠 `first-dir/',
,  ᢮ ।, ᮤন  ⠫  䠩,
室騥  ⮬ ⠫.  ਬ, 

     $ cvs co ampermod

ᮧ ᫥騥 䠩:

     ampermod/first-dir/file1
     ampermod/first-dir/file2
     ampermod/first-dir/sdir/sfile

    ॠ樨 CVS   訡: ᮮ饭, 
뤠 CVS,  ᮤঠ 㯮 `ampermod/',  ⮬
ࠢ쭮 ᮮ  ⮭宦 祭 䠩:

     $ cvs co ampermod
     cvs checkout: Updating first-dir
     U first-dir/file1
     U first-dir/file2
     cvs checkout: Updating first-dir/sdir
     U first-dir/sdir/sfile
     $

      ⠪ 訡筮 ;  
 CVS    ࠢ.

᪫祭 ⠫  ᯨ᪠
------------------------------

   -ᨭ  ᪫ । ⠫ 
㫥, ᯮ ᪫⥫  (`!') । 
 ᪫祭 ⠫.

   ਬ, ᫨ 䠩 `modules' ᮤন

     exmodule -a !first-dir/sdir first-dir

     祭  `exmodule'  祭 
ᮤন `first-dir/', ஬ 䠩  ⠫
`first-dir/sdir'.

 㫥
-------------

   ᠭ   ᥭ-㫥  ᮤঠ
䫠, ।⠢騥 ⥫ ଠ  㫥.

`-d NAME'
      ࠡ祬 ⠫ 㣮 , ⫨饥 
      .

`-e PROG'
      ணࠬ PROG,  믮  ᯮ
     .  PROG 믮  ⢥ 㬥⮬,
      .

`-i PROG'
      ணࠬ PROG,  믮, 
       䠩    ९਩.
     PROG 믮    ᮮ⢥饣
     ⠫ (???   䠩?)  ९ਨ.  
     `commitinfo', `loginfo'  `verifymsg' ᯥ稢
     ⥫ ᯮᮡ 믮 ணࠬ 
     䨪஢.

`-o PROG'
      ணࠬ PROG,  믮,  䠩
        ࠡ稩 ⠫.  PROG
     믮  ⢥ 㬥⮬,  .

`-s STATUS'
       .   䠩 㫥 뤠 
     ࠭   `cvs checkout -s', 㫨  
     ஢  ,  ⥬   .
         - 㣮 祭.  
       ᯮ짮  ᪮쪨 饩, 
      : ਬ, ᫨ ,
     ⢥⢥  .

`-t PROG'
      ணࠬ PROG,  믮, 
     䠩  㫥     `rtag'.
     PROG 믮   㬥⠬:   
      ⪨, 㪠   `rtag'.  
     ணࠬ __ 믮,   
     `tag'.  筮  ᯮ짮 䠩 `taginfo'
     (*note ன ୠ஢::).

`-u PROG'
      ணࠬ,  믮,  
     `cvs update', 믮  ᭮ ⠫
     祭 .  PROG 믮  ⢥
     㬥⮬,  ⥬  㪠  
     ९ਨ.

 `cvswrappers'
==================

   "⪨" --   CVS,  ࠢ
।묨 ன, ᭮뢠  
ࠡ뢠 䠩.   ᯨ᮪ ⠪ ஥ 室
 `-k'   䠩  `-m'  䠩, 
 ⮬᪨ ꥤ.

    `-m'  ⮤ ꥤ,  㦭
ᯮ짮   -筮 䠩.  `MERGE'
砥 筮  CVS: ஡ ꥤ
䠩.  `COPY' 砥,  `cvs update' ⪠
ꥤ 䠩, 筮 ⠪ ,   ந室 
묨 䠩, ᠭ묨    `-kb' (᫨
䠩 ᠭ  ,  ᯮ짮 `-m 'COPY''
易⥫쭮).  CVS ।⠢ 짮⥫  ᨨ
䠩,  ॡ   室 ,
 譨  ⭮襭  CVS 㬥⠬.
*।०:*  ᯮ `COPY'  CVS ᨨ 1.9 
࠭ --   १  䠩  㣮,
㭨⮦ ஥ ᮤন.   `-m'  ⮫쪮 
  ,  ࠣ ᯮᮡ ࠭
䠩.  . *Note  䠩::,  ᠭ ࠡ 
.

    ᭮ ଠ 䠩 `cvswrappers' ⠪:

     ᪠_䠩     [ 祭][ 祭]...

  -- 

`-m'
     ᯮᮡ  (`MERGE'  `COPY')

`-k'
     ᯮᮡ ⠭ 祢 ᫮.  ஡  *Note
     ⠭ 祢 ᫮::.

 祭 祭   窨.

   ਬ, ᫥   ⠫,
 䠩, 稢騥  `.exe', 묨:

     cvs import -I ! -W "*.exe -k 'b'" first-dir vendortag reltag

믮 ணࠬ  ࠧ ⠤ 䨪஢
==================================================

    `-i'  䠩 `modules'  ᯮ짮 
믮 । ணࠬ,  ᮮ⢥騥
䠩   ९਩ (*note  modules::).
, ᠭ  ⮩ ᥪ樨, ᯥ稢 㣨, 
 ᯮᮡ 믮 ணࠬ  䨪஢.

      ணࠬ,   믮 
䨪஢.   㪠뢠  䠩  ९ਨ, 
ᠭ .   ⮩ ⠡ 室 ᢮ ⠪ 䠩
 祭 ᮮ⢥ ணࠬ:

`commitinfo'
     ணࠬ, ⢥⢥  ஢, ࠧ襭 
      䨪஢ .  ᫨  ணࠬ
     稢  㫥  襭,
     䨪஢ 㤥 ࢠ.

`verifymsg'
      ணࠬ ᯮ  ஢ન
     ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭, ⮡ 㡥,  
     ᮤন  ॡ㥬 .   ᯮ짮
      䠩  樨  `rcsinfo',  
     ᮤঠ 蠡 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 (*note 
     rcsinfo::).

`editinfo'
      ணࠬ ᯮ  ।஢
     ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭, , , ஢ન,  
     ᮤন  ॡ㥬 .   ᮡ  
     樨  䠩 `rcsinfo',   ᮤঠ
     蠡 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 (*note  rcsinfo::).
     ५.

`loginfo'
      ணࠬ 뢠,  襭
     䨪஢.   砥 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 
     ⥫ ଠ,   ࠭ ᮮ饭
      䠩, ࠢ    ⢥⢥
     祫,   ⭮ 㯯 ⥩, ...
     ।  ⮫쪮  ࠦ!

 ᨭ⠪
-----------------

   ⨢ 䠩, ⠪  `commitinfo',
`loginfo', `rcsinfo', `verifymsg',  . .,   騩
ଠ.  祭  䠩 ᠭ ,  
ᠭ  騩 ᨭ⠪.

    ப ᮤন ᫥饥:
   * ୮ ࠦ: ⮥ ॣ୮ ࠦ,
     ᯮ饥 ᨭ⠪ GNU emacs.

   * ⥫ -    ஡  ᨬ
     ⠡樨.

   *  䠩  蠡  ப.

 ப .  ப,  稭 
ᨬ `#',  ﬨ.   ப, 
ᮦ, __   ࠧ  .

   ᯮ ࢮ ॣ୮ ࠦ, ஥
ᮢ   ⥪饣 ⠫  ९ਨ.
⮪ ப ᯮ, ᮮ⢥⢥,   䠩
  ப.

 `commitinfo'
=================

    `commitinfo' 뢠 ணࠬ, 
믮 । ⥬,   `cvs commit' 믮
᢮ ࠡ.   ணࠬ ᯮ ।
䨪஢   ஢ન, ⮡ ,
  㤠 䠩 ⢨⥫쭮 ⮢ 
䨪஢.    ᯮ짮, ਬ, ⮡
㡥,   䠩 ᮮ⢥ ⠭⠬
஢, ਭ  襩 ࣠樨.

    㯮 ࠭,  ப  䠩 `commitinfo'
⮨  ॣ୮ ࠦ  蠡  ப.
    ணࠬ  㬥,  
 । ⮩ ணࠬ.   蠡 
   ⥪饬 ९,   ᫥
 䠩,   䨪஢ (,
㤠  ).

   ᯮ ࢠ ப  ॣ ࠦ,
ᮮ⢥騬 ⠫  ९ਨ.  ᫨ 
頥 㫥  室,  䨪஢ 㤥
ࢠ.

   ᫨  ९  ᮮ⢥  
ॣ୮ ࠦ  ⮬ 䠩,  ᯮ ப
`DEFAULT', ᫨  .

    ᮢ ப, ᯮ ⠪  ப,
稭騥  `ALL'.

   砭:  CVS 頥  ⥢ ९,
`commitinfo' 㤥 믮  ࢥ,    
(*note ⥢ ९ਨ::).

஢ઠ ୠ ᥩ
===========================

      ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭,   ஢
, ⮡ 㡥,    ।⠢  室
ଠ, ⠪,   ࠢ 訡  . .

    `verifymsg'  ᥣ ᯮ짮  
䠩 `rcsinfo',  ᯮ  ⢥ 蠡
ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.

    ப  䠩 `verifymsg' ⮨  ॣ୮
ᮮ饭  蠡 .   蠡 
⢮  ணࠬ , , ᪮쪮
㬥⮢.   蠡    䠩 
蠡 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.

    ,  祢 ᫮ `ALL' 
ন.  ᫨    ᮢ饩
ப, ᯮ ࢠ.     㪠
ਯ ஢ન, ᯮ㥬  㬮砭,  ⥬
८।   ⠫.

   ᫨  ९  ᮢ    ॣ
ࠦ  ⮬ 䠩,  ᯮ ப `DEFAULT',
᫨  .

   ᫨ ஢ ਯ 蠥  㫥 
襭,   䨪஢ 蠥.

   ,  ਯ 䨪樨   
ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭,   ਭ  ⢥࣠ .

    ⮩ ਬ 䠩 `verifymsg', ᯮ饣
  ᮮ⢥騬 蠡 ୠ쭮   䠩
`rcsinfo'  ਯ⮬ ஢ન ⮩ .  砫 --
蠡 ୠ쭮 .   㦭, ⮡  ࢮ ப
⮩  室  ࠢ 訡.  ⮪
ୠ쭮  --  ᢮ ଥ.   ⠪ 蠡
室  䠩 `/usr/cvssupport/tc.template':

     BugId:

   ਯ `/usr/cvssupport/bugid.verify' ᯮ 
஢ન ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.

     #!/bin/sh
     #
     #       bugid.verify filename
     #
     #  Verify that the log message contains a valid bugid
     #  on the first line.
     #
     if head -1 < $1 | grep '^BugId:[ ]*[0-9][0-9]*$' > /dev/null; then
         exit 0
     else
         echo "No BugId found."
         exit 1
     fi

    `verifymsg' ᮤন ப:

     ^tc     /usr/cvssupport/bugid.edit

    `rcsinfo' ᮤন ⠪ ப:

     ^tc     /usr/cvssupport/tc.template

 `editinfo'
===============

   _:_ ᯮ짮 `editinfo' ५.  
 । ୠ ᥩ  㬮砭
ᯮ ६ 㦥 `EDITOR' (*note ६
㦥::)    `-e' (*note 
::) . *Note  verifymsg::,  ᠭ, 
ᯮ짮 `verifymsg'.

   ᫨   㡥,   ୠ ᮮ饭
룫 ,   ᯮ짮 䠩 `editinfo',
⮡  ணࠬ, ᯮ㥬  ।஢
 ᮮ饭.  ⮩ ணࠬ   ⥪⮢
।, ஥ ᯥ樠 ࠧ,  让
ਯ,  뢠 ।  ஢, 
 ᮮ饭 ᮤন  ॡ㥬 .

   ᫨  䠩 `editinfo'   ᮢ饩 ப,
ᯮ ।,  ६ 㦥
`$CVSEDITOR'.  ᫨  ६  ⠭,
ᯮ ६ 㦥 `$EDITOR'.  ᫨  
६  ⠭, ᯮ । 
㬮砭.  . ⠪ *Note ஢ ::.

    `editinfo'   ᯮ짮  
䠩 `rcsinfo',  ᯮ  ⢥ 蠡
ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.

    ப  䠩 `editinfo' ⮨  ॣ୮
ࠦ  蠡 , 饣   ணࠬ
, , ᪮쪨 㬥⮢.   蠡 ணࠬ
   ⥪饣 蠡 ୠ쭮
ᮮ饭.

    ,  祢 ᫮ `ALL' 
ন.  ᫨ ᮢ   ப,
ᯮ ࢠ.      ਯ
।஢  㬮砭,  ⥬ ८।  
⠫.

   ᫨  ⠫  ९ਨ  ᮢ   
ॣ ࠦ  ⮬ 䠩,  ᯮ ப
`DEFAULT', ᫨  .

   ᫨ ਯ ।஢ 蠥  㫥 
襭,   䨪஢ ਩ 蠥.

   ,   CVS 頥  ⥢
९,   ᯮ  `-m'  `-F'
 `cvs commit',  䠩 `editinfo'  ᯮ.
   ᯮ짮 `verifymsg'.

ਬ ᯮ짮 Editinfo
-----------------------------

    ᫥ 让  ਬ 䠩 `editinfo',
  ᮮ⢥騬 蠡 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 
䠩 `rcsinfo'  ਯ ।.   筥  蠡
ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.  ।,  ⨬ ࠭ 
ࠢ 訡  ࢮ ப ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.
⮪ ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 ᮤন  ⥫
⥪.   䠩 `/usr/cvssupport/tc.template' 室
⠪ 蠡:

     BugId:

   ਯ `/usr/cvssupport/bugid.edit' ᯮ 
।஢ ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.

     #!/bin/sh
     #
     #       bugid.edit filename
     #
     #  Call $EDITOR on FILENAME, and verify that the
     #  resulting file contains a valid bugid on the first
     #  line.
     if [ "x$EDITOR" = "x" ]; then EDITOR=vi; fi
     if [ "x$CVSEDITOR" = "x" ]; then CVSEDITOR=$EDITOR; fi
     $CVSEDITOR $1
     until head -1|grep '^BugId:[ ]*[0-9][0-9]*$' < $1
     do  echo -n  "No BugId found.  Edit again? ([y]/n)"
         read ans
         case ${ans} in
             n*) exit 1;;
         esac
         $CVSEDITOR $1
     done

    `editinfo' ᮤন ⠪ :

     ^tc     /usr/cvssupport/bugid.edit

    `rcsinfo' ᮤন ⠪ :

     ^tc     /usr/cvssupport/tc.template

 loginfo
============

    `loginfo' ᯮ  ࠢ ⥬, 㤠
뫠 ୠ쭠 ଠ  믮 `cvs
commit'.     ப 室 ॣ୮
ࠦ,   ᮢ  ⠫,  ஬
ந , ⭮⥫쭮 `$CVSROOT'.  ⮪
ᮮ⢥饩 ப -  ணࠬ-䨫, 
砥 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭  ⠭ .

   ᫨   ९ਨ  ᮢ    ॣ
ࠦ, ᯮ ப `DEFAULT', ᫨  .

    ப, 稭騥  `ALL', ᯮ  
 ப  ᮢ騬 ॣ ࠦ,  
ப `DEFAULT'.

   ᯮ ࢮ ᮢ饥 ॣ୮ ࠦ.

   *Note ஢  ணࠬ::,  ᠭ ᨭ⠪
䠩 `loginfo'.

   짮⥫  ᯮ짮    ଠ
ப.   ப   ᨬ `%',  
᫥ ஡,  ଠ ᨬ  
ଠ ᨬ, 祭  ᪮ `{'  `}'.
ଠ ᨬ ⠪:

s
      䠩

V
       ॢ (। 䨪஢)

v
       ॢ (᫥ 䨪஢)

    稥 ᨬ, 騥  ଠ⭮ ப,
ॢ   ப (, ࠧ騥 ,
࠭).

   ਬ,  ᯮ짮 ଠ ப `%', `%s',
`%{s}'  `%{sVv}'.

    室 ࠧ ப ⮪, ࠧ
஡.   ⭮ ᮢ⨬  ⮪ -- 
 ९, ⠫ -- ᯨ᮪ 襭 
ଠ⭮ ப , ࠧ 묨.  ਬ,
᫨ ९਩ 室  `/u/src/master', ଠ⭠
ப `%{sVv}',  뫨   䠩, (`ChangeLog',
`Makefile'  `foo.c'),   室 

     /u/src/master ChangeLog,1.1,1.2 Makefile,1.3,1.4 foo.c,1.12,1.13

    ⢥ 㣮 ਬ:  `%{}' 砥,  
室  ⮫쪮  ९.

   砭:  CVS 頥  ⥢ ९,
 `loginfo' 㤥 ᯮ  ஭ ࢥ,   
஭  (*note ⥢ ९ਨ::).

ਬ ᯮ짮 loginfo
----------------------------

   ᫥騩 䠩 `loginfo'   ⭮ ਯ
 ୠ ᮮ饭  䠩
`$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/commitlog',  ⠪ ୠ 
`/usr/adm/cvsroot-log' 䨪஢  
⨢ 䠩.  ୠ , ᮮ⢥騥
䨪஢   ⠫ `prog1/' 뫠 
 짮⥫ `ceder'.

     ALL             /usr/local/bin/cvs-log $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/commitlog $USER
     ^CVSROOT        /usr/local/bin/cvs-log /usr/adm/cvsroot-log
     ^prog1          Mail -s %s ceder

   ਯ `/usr/local/bin/cvs-log' 룫廊 ⠪:

     #!/bin/sh
     (echo "------------------------------------------------------";
      echo -n $2"  ";
      date;
      echo;
      cat) >> $1

 祭 
----------------------------

    뢠  ࠭ ॢ ⠫,
ᮤঠ饥 䠩, ᮮ⢥騥 ᫥ ᨨ 
९.  ਬ, 㣨 ࠧࠡ稪  
  ᫥  室 ⥪⮢ 
室  ,     㦨 
 CVS web-ᠩ  ⥫ , ⮡ 
䨪஢  ਢ    䠩,
 뢠 web-ࢥ஬.

    ந ⠪    `loginfo',
 㤥 뢠 `cvs update'.  ᫨ ᤥ 
,   ஡  ஢, ⮬
`cvs update'  믮  䮭.   ਬ 
樮 ⥬ UNIX (    
 ப):

     ^cyclic-pages		(date; cat; (sleep 2; cd /u/www/local-docs;
      cvs -q update -d) &) >> $CVSROOT/CVSROOT/updatelog 2>&1

    ⠪ 䨣樨 䨪஢   ⠫
९,  稭  `cyclic-pages' ਢ 
 祭 ॢ, 室饣 
`/u/www/local-docs'.

 rcsinfo
============

    `rcsinfo'  ᯮ짮, ⮡  ,
 ।   ୠ 䨪஢.
 `rcsinfo'  ᨭ⠪,  ᨭ⠪ 䠩
`verifymsg', `commitinfo'  `loginfo'.  *Note ⠪::.
 ⫨稥  ⠫ 䠩, ࠢ  ப 
 蠡 ,    䠩, ᮤঠ饣
蠡 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭.

   ᫨   ९ਨ  ᮮ⢥  
ॣ୮ ࠦ  ⮬ 䠩, ᯮ ப
`DEFAULT', ᫨  .

    ப, 稭騥  `ALL', ᯮ  
ࢮ ᮢ饬 ॣ୮ ࠦ  ப
`DEFAULT'.

    ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭 㤥 ᯮ짮 
㬮砭.  ᫨   ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭  
`cvs commit -m MESSAGE'  `cvs commit -f FILE',  
蠡 㤥 ᯮ짮  .

   *Note  verifymsg::,  ਢ ਬ 䠩
`rcsinfo'.

    CVS 頥  ⥢ ९,
ᯮ  ᮤন 䠩 `rcsinfo', ஥ 뫮,
 ⠫  祭  ᫥ ࠧ.  ᫨ 
। `rcsinfo'  蠡,  ᯮ 
,  ॡ   ࠡ稩 ⠫.

஢ 䠩   cvsignore
========================================

    ।  䠩,  ﭭ
室  襬 ࠡ祬 ⠫,     
  ஫ ᨩ.  ਬࠬ  ꥪ
䠩, 騥 ᫥ 樨.  筮  
믮  `cvs update',  뤠  ப 
 䠩,  ஬   (*note 饭 
update::).

   CVS ᯮ ᯨ᮪ 䠩 ( 蠡 䠩  ⨫
sh(1)),  ᫥ ஢  믮
`update', `import'  `release'.  This list is constructed
in the following way.

   * ᮪ 樠 ।묨 蠡 
     䠩: , 㦠騥  㦥 楫 CVS 
     㣨 ࠭ ⥬ ஫ ᨩ;
       䠩  ⠬, ꥪ  娢
     䠩,  ⠪ १ࢭ  䠩, ᮧ
     ⥪⮢묨 ।ࠬ.  ⠫  - 
     த ⥫쭮 ࠧࠧ ⨫.  
     饥 ६ ⠭ ᯨ᮪ 蠡
     㥬 䠩 ⠪:

              RCS     SCCS    CVS     CVS.adm
              RCSLOG  cvslog.*
              tags    TAGS
              .make.state     .nse_depinfo
              *~      #*      .#*     ,*      _$*     *$
              *.old   *.bak   *.BAK   *.orig  *.rej   .del-*
              *.a     *.olb   *.o     *.obj   *.so    *.exe
              *.Z     *.elc   *.ln
              core

   * ᮪ 㥬 䠩   ९
     室  `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/cvsignore'  
      饬 ᯨ, ᫨  䠩 .

   * ᮪ 㥬 䠩   짮⥫
     室  譥 ⠫ 짮⥫  䠩
     `~/.cvsignore'    饬 ᯨ, ᫨
      䠩 .

   * ন ६ 㦥 `$CVSIGNORE'
       ᯨ.

   * ࠬ 祩 `-I'   ᯨ.

   *  CVS 室 ॢ ⠫,  ᯨ
      ᮤন 䠩 `.cvsignore'.  ,
     室騥  䠩 `.cvsignore', ᯮ ⮫쪮
      ᮮ⢥饬 ⠫,     ⠫.

     ᫥  ᯮ짮
᪫⥫쭮  (`!') 頥 ᯨ᮪.   
ᯮ짮  ࠭ 䠩,  筮
 CVS.

     `cvs import'  `-I !' ਢ 
 ᥣ,  筮   ⮣  , 
 ਡ⨢ 室 ⥪⮢,  ᮤঠ騩
祣 譥.  ,   襯ਢ ࠢ,
     窥 : ᫨ 
ਡ⨢ 室 䠩 `.cvsignore',   
ࠡ⠭,  ᫨   ப  㪠 `-I !'.
 ⮣, ⮡ ஢ ᮫⭮  䠩,
⢥ 室 ஬ 㤥 㤠 䠩
`.cvsignore'.   த, ⮬  饬 `-I !' 
 ࠡ뢠 䠩 `.cvsignore'.

   ,  ᨭ⠪ 䠩  ᯨ᪮ 㥬
䠩 ⮨   ப,    ᮤন
ᯨ᮪ 䠩, ࠧ ஡.   ࠧ, 
⮣ ᯮᮡ   䠩, ᮤঠ騥 ஡,
  ᯮ짮 蠡 `foo?bar', ⮡ ஢
䠩 `foo bar' ( ⮬ 砥, ࠢ, 㤥 ⠪
ந஢ 䠩 `fooxbar'  . ._).  , ⠪,
 ᥩ   ᯮᮡ    䠩
ਨ.

 history
============

    `$CVSROOT/CVSROOT/history' ᯮ 
ୠ஢ ଠ樨   `history' (*note
 history::).   ⮣, ⮡ 
ୠ஢,  䠩 ᫥ ᮧ.   ந室
⮬᪨  믮  `cvs init', 
ᯮ  樠樨 ९ (*note 
९::).

   ଠ 䠩 `history' 㬥஢ ⮫쪮 
  室 ⥪ CVS, ,   砥,
筮 ணࠬ  ᯮ짮  `cvs history',
  砩, ᫨ ଠ   ᫥ 
CVS.

⠭  ⨢ 䠩
=====================================

   ,  ᠭ ⨢ 䠩  ⥫
, ⮡  ⮬ 䠩  뫮  ᯮ짮
ଠ  ।,  ன 믮 CVS.  
᪮쪮 堭,     ⮣
.

    ⮣, ⮡ 㧭 譨 ⠫ 짮⥫,
 ⨫ CVS ( ଠ ࠭  ६
㦥 `HOME'), ᯮ `~',   ᫥ `/'
  ப.  筮 ⠪ ,  祭 譥
⠫ 짮⥫ ᯮ `~USER'.  ⠭ 
६ ந室  ࢥ୮ 設,  ⮬ ⠪
⠭  ࠡ⠥, ᫨ ᯮ `pserver' (*note
஫쭠 ⥭䨪::).   ⮣, ⮡ 
   짮⥫,  ᯮ짮
짮⥫᪨ ६ (. ).

    ॡ 㧭 ࠧ ଠ,
ᯮ㥬 CVS.  ७ ६ CVS  ⠪
ᨭ⠪: `${}',   稭 
㪢  ⮨  䠢⭮-஢ ᨬ  ᨬ
ઠ (`_').  ᫨ ᨬ,  ᫥  VARIABLE,
  㪢, ன   ઠ,  䨣
᪮  .  ७ ६ CVS ⠪:

`CVSROOT'
      ࠭ ୥ ⠫ ᯮ㥬
     ९.  *Note ਩::,  ᠭ
     ࠧ ᯮᮡ  ୥ ⠫.

`RCSBIN'
      CVS 1.9.18  ࠭  ⮩ ६ 室
     ⠫,  ஬ 室 ணࠬ RCS.   
     ⥯ CVS   ᪠ RCS, ᯮ짮 ⮩
     ७ ६ 饭.

`CVSEDITOR'
`VISUAL'
`EDITOR'
       ६ ᮤঠ     祭 -
     ᯮ㥬 ⥪⮢ ।.  *Note 
     ::,  ᠭ,    ।.

`USER'
      짮⥫, ⨢襣 CVS ( ࢥ୮
     設).

   ᫨  , ⮡ 짮⥫   -
祭, ।饥  ⨢ 䠩, ᯮ
짮⥫ ६.   ⠭ ⠪
६  ⨢ 䠩 ᠭ
`${=VARIABLE}'.   ⮣, ⮡ ⠭
짮⥫ ६,  CVS  䫠
`-s'  㬥⮬ `='.  ᮡ 
㤥  ⠪ 䫠  䠩 `~/.cvsrc' (*note
~/.cvsrc::).

   ਬ, ᫨  , ⮡ ⨢ 䠩
뫠  ⮢ ⠫,   ᮧ
짮⥫ ६ `TESTDIR'.  ⥬, ᫨
 CVS 

     cvs -s TESTDIR=/work/local/tests

  ⨢ 䠩, ᮤঠ饬 `sh
${=TESTDIR}/runtests',   ப ८ࠧ  `sh
/work/local/tests/runtests'.

    㣨 ப, ᮤঠ騥 `$', १ࢨ஢; 
ᯮᮡ ࠭஢ ᨬ `$', ⮡  砫 ᠬ
ᥡ.

 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config
================================

   ⨢ 䠩 `config' ᮤন ࠧ
ன, 騥   CVS.  ⠪ ⮣
䠩 ᫥ ⫨砥  ᨭ⠪  䠩.
६  ⠢.  ப, 稭騥  `#',
 ﬨ.

    稥 ப   祢 ᫮, ᨬ
`='  祭.  ,   ᨭ⠪ 祭 ண.
⥫ ஡  ᨬ ⠡樨  ᪠.

    騩  । ᫥騥 祢 ᫮:

`RCSBIN=BINDIR'
      CVS ᨩ  1.9.12  1.9.18,  祢 ᫮
     㪠뢠,  ᫥ ᪠ ணࠬ RCS  ⠫
     BINDIR.  ६ ᨨ CVS  ॡ ணࠬ
     RCS;  ᮢ⨬  ⠭ ᪠, 
     祣  .

`SystemAuth=VALUE'
     ᫨ VALUE ࠢ `yes',  pserver  ᪠
     짮⥫  ⥬   짮⥫,
     ᫨     `CVSROOT/passwd'.  ᫨ 
     祭 ࠢ `no',   짮⥫ ࢥ 
     ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥  ⢮ 
     `CVSROOT/passwd'.   㬮砭 祭 ࠢ `yes'.
     ⥫쭠 ଠ  pserver 室  *Note
     ஫쭠 ⥭䨪::.

`PreservePermissions=VALUE'
      প  ࠭  ९ਨ
     ᯥ樠 䠩 ன, ᨬ᪨ 뫮,
     ࠢ 㯠  䠩  ଠ樨   .
     祭  㬮砭: `no'.  *Note 樠
     䠩::,  ᠭ ஡ ᯮ짮 ⮣
     祢 ᫮.

`TopLevelAdmin=VALUE'
        `checkout' ⠪, ⮡ 
     ᮧ ⠫ `CVS/'  ஢  襣
     ࠡ祣 ⠫,   ⠫ `CVS/',
      ᮧ  祭 ⠫.
     祭  㬮砭 - `no'.

       , ᫨  㦨,  믮
        ⠫  ஢  襣
     ࠡ稩 ⠫,      祭
     ⠫.  ⠫ `CVS/', ᮧ ⠪
     ࠧ,   㪠뢠 `CVSROOT'  
     .  ᯥ稢 ⠪   䠩
     `CVS/Template' (*note ࠭ 䠩  ࠡ祬
     ⠫::).

`LockDir=DIRECTORY'
      䠩 ஢ CVS  ⠫ DIRECTORY, 
       ९ਨ.   , ᫨  
     ࠧ 짮⥫   ९,
     ।⠢     ⮫쪮  DIRECTORY, 
       ९਩.   㦭 ᮧ DIRECTORY,  CVS
     ᠬ ᮧ ⠬ ॡ㥬 ⠫.  ଠ 
     ஢ CVS 室   *Note 
     ::.

     । 祭 樨 `LockDir' 㡥,   
     ᯮ    CVS ᨩ 1.9  ࠭,
       ন `LockDir',     ⮬
      ।०.  ᫨  ⠪
     ,   짮⥫ CVS  
     ஢   ⠫,  㣨 --  㣮, 
     ९਩   ᯮ祭.  CVS 1.10 
     ন `LockDir',  뤠 ।०, ᫨
     ᯮ짮   ९ਨ  祭 `LockDir'.

 ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS
********************************************

     ᯨ᮪ ६ 㦥,  
ࠡ CVS.

`$CVSIGNORE'
     ᮪ 蠡 䠩, ࠧ ஡.  CVS
     㤥 ஢  䠩.  *Note  cvsignore::.

`$CVSWRAPPERS'
     ᮪  䠩, ࠧ ஡.  CVS 㤥
      ⠪ 䠩 ⪠.  *Note ⪨::.

`$CVSREAD'
     ᫨  ६ ⠭,  `checkout' 
     `update'   ᮧ 䠩  襬
     ࠡ祬 ⠫  ० ⮫쪮  ⥭.  ᫨ 
     ६  ⠭,    㬮砭
     㤥 ࠧ   ࠡ 䠩.

`$CVSUMASK'
     ࠢ ࠢ 㯠  䠩  ९ਨ.  .
     *Note ࠢ 㯠  䠩::.

`$CVSROOT'
      ६  ᮤঠ   
     ९ 室 ⥪⮢ CVS (⠬,  ࠭
     RCS-䠩).   ଠ  ⢮ 
     믮 設⢠  CVS;  ᫨ `$CVSROOT'
      ⠭,      ࠧ ᯮ짮
     㣮 ९਩,   ᯮ짮 ⠪
      ப: `cvs -d cvsroot cvs_command...'.
     ᫥ ⮣,    ࠡ稩 ⠫, CVS
     ࠭   ९  䠩 `CVS/Root',
     ⮬ 筮  㦭 ᯮ  ⮬ ⮫쪮
      ࢮ 祭.

`$EDITOR'
`$CVSEDITOR'
`$VISUAL'
      ணࠬ, ᯮ  ᠭ
     ୠ ᮮ饭  ६ 䨪஢.
     `$CVSEDITOR' ८। `$EDITOR'.  . *Note
     ஢ ::.

`$PATH'
     ᫨ ६ `$RCSBIN'  ⠭,   ᪠
     ணࠬ    ⠯ 樨,  CVS 㤥
     ᯮ짮 `$PATH', ⮡   ᯮ㥬
     ணࠬ.

`$HOME'

`$HOMEPATH'

`$HOMEDRIVE'
     ᯮ  ⠭ ⠫,  ஬
     ࠭ 䠩 `.cvsrc'   㣨 䠩.  
     UNIX CVS ஢ ⮫쪮 `$HOME'.   Windows NT
     ⥬ ⠭ ६ `$HOMEDRIVE',
     ਬ, `d:'  `$HOMEPATH', ਬ, `\joe'.  
     Windows 95 , ᪮॥ ᥣ, ॡ ᠬ
     ⠭ `$HOMEDRIVE'  `$HOMEPATH'.

`$CVS_RSH'
       ணࠬ,   ன CVS
     ⠭ ᮥ,  ᯮ ⮤
     㯠 `:ext:'.  *note    rsh::.

`$CVS_SERVER'
     ᯮ  ० -ࢥ  饭 
     ⥢ ९   `rsh'.   ⮩
     ६   ணࠬ,  㦭
       ࢥ  㯥  ⥢
     ९   `rsh'.  祭  㬮砭 --
     `cvs'.  *note    rsh::.

`$CVS_PASSFILE'
     ᯮ  ० -ࢥ  饭 
     `cvs login server'.  祭  㬮砭 --
     `$HOME/.cvspass'.  *note ஫쭠 ⥭䨪
     ::.

`$CVS_CLIENT_PORT'
     ᯮ  ० -ࢥ  㯥 
     ࢥ   Kerberos.  *note ⥭䨪 
      Kerberos::.

`$CVS_RCMD_PORT'
     ᯮ  ० -ࢥ.  ᫨
     ⠭,   ,  ᯮ
      饭   RCMD  ࢥ.  ( 騩
       ᯮ  ⮢ Unix).

`$CVS_CLIENT_LOG'
     ᯮ  ⫠  ० -ࢥ.  ᫨
     ⠭,  ,  뫠  ࢥ,
     ୠ  䠩 ``$CVS_CLIENT_LOG'.in',  ,
      ਭ  ࢥ, ୠ 
     ``$CVS_CLIENT_LOG'.out'.

`$CVS_SERVER_SLEEP'
     ᯮ  ⫠  ஭ ࢥ  ०
     -ࢥ.  ᫨ ⠭, ন 
      -ࢥ  㪠 ਮ ६,
     ⮡   ᮥ   ⫠稪.

`$CVS_IGNORE_REMOTE_ROOT'
      CVS 1.10   ⠭ ⮩ ६ 
      CVS १뢠 䠩 `CVS/Root', 
        `-d'.   ᨨ CVS 
     १뢠  䠩, ⮬
     `$CVS_IGNORE_REMOTE_ROOT' .

`$COMSPEC'
     ᯮ ⮫쪮  OS/2.    
     ,  㬮砭 `cmd.exe'.

`$TMPDIR'
`$TMP'
`$TEMP'
     ⠫,  ஬ ᯮ ६ 䠩.
     CVS-ࢥ ᯮ `TMPDIR'.  *Note 
     ::,  ᠭ,    ࠬ.
       CVS ᥣ ᯮ `/tmp' (
      㭪樨 `tmpnam()',  ᯥ稢
     ⥬).

      Windows NT ᯮ `$TMP' (  㭪樨
     `_tempnam()',  ᯥ稢 ⥬).

     ணࠬ `patch',  ᯮ ⮬ CVS,
     ᯮ `TMPDIR',  ᫨   ⠭, 
     `/tmp' ( ࠩ ,  ⠪  GNU patch 2.1).
     ,  ᫨  ࢥ    ᯮ
     CVS 1.9.10  ,  CVS  뢠 
     ணࠬ `patch'.

⨬  ﬨ CVS
********************************

   ଠ ९ ᮢ⨬  묨 ﬨ 
 CVS 1.3.    *Note ⨬ ᫥::,
᫨     CVS 1.6  ࠭,   
ᯮ짮    饭 ࠧࠡ稪.

   ଠ ࠡ祣 ⠫ ᮢ⨬  ﬨ  
CVS 1.5.   ଠ   ﬨ CVS 1.3 
CVS 1.5.  ᫨  ᯮ CVS 1.5    ࠡ祬
⠫, 祭   CVS 1.3,  ந
⮬᪠ ,   ⮣, ⮡ 
⭮  CVS 1.3, 㦭   ࠡ稩 ⠫ 
 CVS 1.3.

   ⮪ 饭  ⥢ ࢥ஬  ﬨ
  CVS 1.5,    (1.5 뫠 ࢮ 樠쭮
ᨥ, ন饩 ⥢ ⮪,  
 ᨨ    ᯮ짮 -).  
   ⮣, ⮡ ᯮ짮 묨
ﬨ  ࠢﬨ, ॡ  
, ⠪  ࢥ.

ࠢ 訡
******************

   ᫨    - ஡  ᯮ짮 CVS,
    ਫ.  ᫨   ⭮
ᮮ饭  訡,       䠢.
 ⨢ 砥      ஡ 
஡  ⠬ ᢮.

 ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭 CVS
==============================

     ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭  訡,  
뤠 CVS.    ᯨ᮪ -- CVS  뤠
⢮ ࠧࠧ ᮮ饭  訡,  
뤠 樮 ⥬.  祭 ⮣ ࠧ --
᫨  / ⥭樠쭮  ᮮ饭.

   饭 ᫥  䠢⭮ 浪,  
⥪, ⠪  `cvs update: '  뢠.

       ⮬ ᯨ᪥ 室 ᮮ饭,
 뤠 묨 ﬨ CVS (筮 - ⮣,
 짮⥫    㢥७,   CVS 
ᯮ  騩 ).

`cvs COMMAND: authorization failed: server HOST rejected access'
      -- ᯥ᪮ ᮮ饭  ⪥
     ᮥ  ࢥ஬ ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨,
      ⪠뢠  ਧ樨  㪠
     ⭮ 稭.  ஢,  㪠 
     짮⥫  ஫ ,    `$CVSROOT'
     ࠧ襭    `--allow-root' 
     `/etc/inetd.conf'.  . *Note ஫쭠
     ⥭䨪::.

`FILE:LINE: Assertion 'TEXT' failed'
      ଠ ⮣ ᮮ饭  ஢ 
     ᨬ  襩 ⥬.   ᮮ饭 㪠뢠
      訡 ॠ樨 CVS,    ன,
     ᠭ  *Note 訡  CVS::.

`cvs COMMAND: conflict: removed FILE was modified by second party'
      ᮮ饭 㪠뢠,   㤠 䠩,  -
           ᠬ ६.   ⮣, ⮡
     ࠢ  ⨬ 䫨⮬, ᭠砫 믮 `cvs
     add FILE'.  ᫨ ॡ, ﭨ  ᥭ
       ᭨,      㤠
     .  ᫨ ,   祣   .  ᫨
     ,   ࠧ ᪠ `cvs remove FILE' 
     䨪 .

`cannot change permissions on temporary directory'
          Operation not permitted
      ᮮ饭  﫮  믮 
     ⮢  RedHat Linux 3.0.3  4.1, 祬 
     ,  ⠪ ᭨  稭,   ᬮ.
     ⭮,    訡 ⮫쪮  Linux
     (  ⮫쪮  ⮩ ⭮ 設!).  ᫨
     ஡  砥  㣨 UNIX, , ᪮॥
     ᥣ, ᮮ饭  訡 㤥 `Not owner' 
     㣮 ᮮ饭, 饥  訡 `EPERM',
      `Operation not permitted'.  ᫨  
     - , ᮮ ,  ᠭ  *Note
     訡  CVS::.  ᫨  ⠫  ⮩ 訡
      ᯮ짮 CVS, ᫥  , 
      ன ᯥ譮.

`cannot open CVS/Entries for reading: No such file or directory'
     筮  砥 ७ 訡 CVS,  ன
      ࠢ ⠪ ,    㣨 (*note 訡
      CVS::).  筮  訡  .  ,
       ⭮ 樨 㤥 ᭮,   ᤥ.

`cvs [init aborted]: cannot open CVS/Root: No such file or directory'
      ᮮ饭 ᮢ襭 ।.  ᫨  
     ᮯ஢ 㣨 ᮮ饭ﬨ  訡, ,
       ᯥ譮.   ᮮ饭  
       ᢥ  CVS,  㬥஢
       㤮⢠ 짮⥫ ᨩ CVS 1.9 
     ࠭.

`cvs [checkout aborted]: cannot rename file FILE to CVS/,,FILE: Invalid argument'
      ᮮ饭,  뢠,    
       ࠡ  CVS 1.9  Solaris 2.5.  稭
     ⭠; ᫨   - ᪠  ⮬
     , ᮮ ,  ᠭ  *Note 訡 
     CVS::.

`cvs [COMMAND aborted]: cannot start server via rcmd'
     ,  ᮦ, 쭮 ᯥ᪮ ᮮ饭
      訡, ஥ CVS ᨨ 1.9 뤠, ᫨ 
     믮  CVS   ᮥ  ࢥ஬
      ஡.  騥 ᨨ CVS 
     뤠  ⭮ ᮮ饭.  ᫨  稫
      ᮮ饭, ᮢ襭     ᪠
      CVS, , ⭮,  뫨 㪠
     `:local:',  ᠭ  *Note ਩::.

`ci: FILE,v: bad diff output line: Binary files - and /tmp/T2a22651 differ'
     CVS 1.9   뤠  ᮮ饭  ⪥
     䨪஢   䠩, ᫨ ⥬
     RCS ⠭ ࠢ쭮.  ⠩ 樨
      ਡ⨢ RCS  䠩 `INSTALL'  ਡ⨢
     CVS.      CVS,  ᠬ
     㤥  䨪஢,  室
     ᯮ짮 RCS.

`cvs checkout: could not check out FILE'
      ࠡ  CVS 1.9  ᮮ饭  , 
     ணࠬ `co' (  RCS) 訫 
     訡.  । ⨬ ᮮ饭   㣮, 
     ᭥ 稭, ,   樨 
     ⢨ ,  ⠪   ᭥.  
     ࠡ  ⥪饩 ᨥ CVS,   ᯮ
     `co',  ⮣ ᮮ饭  ᮯ஢饣
     ᭥ । 砥 訡  CVS (*note
     訡  CVS::).

`cvs [login aborted]: could not find out home directory'
      砥,   ॡ ⠭ ६
     㦥,  CVS ᯮ, ⮡  
     譨 ⠫.  . 㦤 `$HOME',
     `$HOMEDRIVE'  `$HOMEPATH'  *Note ६
     㦥::.

`cvs update: could not merge revision REV of FILE: No such file or directory'
     CVS 1.9  ࠭ 뤠  ᮮ饭, ᫨  ᬮ
      ணࠬ `rcsmerge'.  ,  
     室  襬 `PATH',  ⠢ ᢥ 
     CVS,   ॡ 譥 ணࠬ `rcsmerge'.

`cvs [update aborted]: could not patch FILE: No such file or directory'
      砥,   㦥 ணࠬ `patch'.
     ,   室  襬 `PATH'.
     , , ᬮ  㫨஢ ᮮ饭, 
     __ ⭮  䠩 `file'.  ᫨   ࢥ
      ᯮ ⥪  CVS,  
     ணࠬ `patch'  ॡ     
     ⠪ ᮮ饭.  ᫨    ࢥ
     ᯮ CVS 1.9,  ணࠬ `patch' ॡ.

`cvs update: could not patch FILE; will refetch'
      砥,   - 稭   ᬮ
     ਬ 䠩 , ᫠  ࢥ஬.
       ᯮ, 稢  ᮮ饭 -- ࠡ
     CVS  ᪮쪮 ,    
       १.

`dying gasps from SERVER unexpected'
      ࢥ ᨩ CVS 1.9.18  ࠭  ⭠
     訡, ਢ  ⠪ ᮮ饭.    筮
     砫 뢠 , ᯮ  
     `-t'.   訡  䠩 `src/filesubr.c' 뫠
     ࠢ  ஬ (Andy Piper) 14  1997
     , ᫨ - ᭮.  ᫨   
     ᮮ饭,   , , ᫨ 
     㦨  稭,   ,  ᠭ 
     *Note 訡  CVS::.

`end of file from server (consult above messages if any)'
      ࠭ 稭 ⮣ ᮮ饭 - 
     ᯮ  ணࠬ `rsh'   訫
       訡.   ⮬ 砥   뫠
      ᮮ饭, ஥  ।
     㦤 ᮮ饭.  쭥 ଠ 
     ன   ࢥ CVS 室  *Note
     ⥢ ९ਨ::.

`cvs commit: Executing 'mkmodules''
      砥,   ९਩ ஥  ᨨ
     CVS ࠭ 1.8.   ᯮ짮 CVS 1.8  
     । 㦤 ᮮ饭   :

          cvs commit: Rebuilding administrative file database
     ᫨    ᮮ饭,   
     ࠨ ,  易⥫쭮, 
     譮.  ᫨    㦭 ࠡ, 
      ᯮ  CVS 1.7  ࠭, 㤠 `-i
     mkmodules' ,   ப   䠩
     `modules'.  쭥 ଠ  ⮬ 䠩
     室  *Note  modules::.

`missing author'
     筮  ந室, ᫨  ᮧ RCS-䠩 
       짮⥫.  CVS   訡
     ᮧ ⠪ 䠩.  襭 -- 㡥,  
     짮⥫ ⠭  ⮥ 祭 
     ᮧ RCS-䠩.

`*PANIC* administration files missing'
      筮 砥,   ⠫ `CVS/', 
        ⨢ 䠩,  筮
     頥 㤠 CVS.  ᫨ ஡  ⮬,  
     ᮧ ⠫ `CVS/' - -㣮,   
     CVS,  ⢥  -- ᯮ 㣮 .  
     ⨢ 砥  ᮮ饭 砥 訡  CVS
     (*note 訡  CVS::).

`rcs error: Unknown option: -x,v/'
     ᫥  ⨬ ᮮ饭 㤥 ଠ  ࠢ쭮
     ᯮ짮 RCS.   砥,    
      RCS (⭮, 室   樮
     ⥬).  CVS ࠡ⠥ ⮫쪮  RCS ᨨ 5  .

`cvs [server aborted]: received broken pipe signal'
      ᮮ饭 뢠 - 祭 ᫮
     訡  CVS  ⥬,  묨 CVS ࠡ⠥
     (  ,  , ⮬   
     ᫥  訡!).  ,   ⮫쪮
     ᫥ 襭  CVS,  , ᪮॥ ᥣ,
     㦭  ஢  ᮮ饭.  , ᫨
      㦨 稭 ⮣ ᮮ饭,  
     ,  ᠭ  *Note 訡  CVS::.

`Too many arguments!'
     筮  ᮮ饭 뤠 ਯ⮬ `log.pl',
     室騬  ⠫ `contrib/'  ਡ⨢ CVS.
        CVS  ਯ ⠭ 
     㬮砭.   뢠  ⨢ 䠩
     `loginfo'.  ஢,  㬥, 
     । ⮬ ਯ  䠩 `loginfo', ᮢ
      ⥬,  .   ⭮, `log.pl' 
     CVS 1.3  ࠭   ୠ쭮 䠩 
     ⢥ 㬥, ⮣  `log.pl' ᨨ 1.5 
      砥  ୠ쭮 䠩   
     `-f'.  筮, ᫨   㦥 `log.pl',  
        `loginfo'.

`cvs [login aborted]: unrecognized auth response from SERVER'
      ᮮ饭 筮 砥,  ࢥ  
     ஥  ࠧ.  ਬ, ப  䠩
     `/etc/inetd.conf'   饣
     ᯮ塞 䠩.   ࠢ 訡 
     ୠ 䠩, ᯮ㥬 `inetd'', ਬ,
     `/var/log/messages'.  ⠫ 㦤  *Note
     ::,  ⠪ *Note ࢥ ஫쭮
     ⥭䨪樨::.

`cvs commit: Up-to-date check failed for `FILE''
      砥,  -  䨪஢ 
      䠩   ,   ᫥ ࠧ  `cvs
     update'.   `cvs update'   `cvs
     commit'.  CVS ꥤ ,  ᤥ ,
      ﬨ, ᤥ묨 ⠫묨.  ᫨ 
      䫨⮢,  CVS 뤠 ᮮ饭 `M
     cacErrCodes.h',   ࠧ 믮 `cvs commit'.
     ᫨ 㦥 䫨,  CVS ᮮ  ⮬,
     ᪠,  `C cacErrCodes.h',   ॡ
      ࠭ 䫨.  쭥訥 ⠫ ⮣
      㦤  *Note ਬ 䫨::.

`Usage:	diff3 [-exEX3 [-i | -m] [-L label1 -L label3]] file1 file2 file3'
          Only one of [exEX3] allowed
      㪠뢠  ஡  ⠭묨 ணࠬ
     `diff3'  `rcsmerge'.  筥 , `rcsmerge'
     ᪮஢ ⠪,   ᯮ짮 GNU-
     `diff3',   ⮣ 室 UNIX-.  
     ⥪ ᮮ饭 ࠧ  ࠧ ⥬.  
      襭 㤥   CVS,  
     ᯮ 譨 ணࠬ `rcsmerge'  `diff3'.

`warning: unrecognized response `TEXT' from cvs server'
     ᫨ TEXT ᮤন ࠧ襭 ⥪ ⢥ (ਬ,
     `ok'),   ᫥ ⥫ ᨬ
      ⪨ (  ⥬  ਢ 
     ⮬,    ᮮ饭 १ 
     ),  , ⭮, 砥,   ᯮ
     ⮤ 㯠 `:ext:'  ⠪ ᨥ `rsh', ,
      設⢮ -UNIX ᨩ,  ᯥ稢
     ஧筮 ⮪ .   ⮬ 砥 ஡
     `:server:'  `:ext:'.  ᫨  TEXT ᮤন
     - ,    ஡  訬
     CVS-ࢥ஬.   ࠧ ஢,   ⠭
     CVS-ࢥ.

`cvs commit: [TIME] waiting for USER's lock in DIRECTORY'
      ଠ쭮 ᮮ饭,   訡.   *Note
      ::,  ᠭ ⠫.

`cvs commit: warning: editor session failed'
      砥,  ।, ᯮ㥬 CVS,
     頥 㫥  襭.   ᨨ
     `vi'     ⮬ 砥, ᫨ 
     ।஢ 䠩  뫮   訡.  ᫨
      ⠪,    ६ 㦥
     `CVSEDITOR' 㪠뢠  쪨 ਯ, ਬ

          #!/bin/sh
          vi $*
          exit 0

訡  ⠭ ᮥ  CVS-ࢥ஬
==============================================

    ⮩  㦤,  , ᫨  
஡  ⠭ ᮥ  CVS-ࢥ஬.  ᫨ 
ᯮ   ப CVS  Windows, ᭠砫
   ᨨ 1.9.12   .  饭
 訡  ன ᨨ ।⠢﫨 ⥫쭮 
ଠ樨  ⮭宦 ஡.  ᫨ 
ࠡ⠥  㣮 樮 ⥬,  CVS 1.9
 筮.

   ᫨ ᮮ饭  訡 筮, ⮡ ᫥
஡,  ᫥騥 蠣 ᨫ쭮   ᯮ㥬
⮤ 㯠.

`:ext:'
     ஡  ணࠬ `rsh'  
     ப.  ਬ,

                  $ rsh servername cvs -v

      뤠 ଠ  ᨨ CVS.  ᫨  
     ࠡ뢠,   ࢥ 㦭 ࠢ, ० 祬
     ᯮ  ஡  CVS.

`:server:'
      ⮣, ⮡ ᯮ짮  ⮤ 㯠,
     ணࠬ `rsh'  ॡ,    
       ⢥ ।⢠ ⫠.  
     , ਢ  ⮤ `:ext:'.

`:pserver:'
     訬 ।⢮ ⫠ 

                  $ telnet servername 2401

     ᫥ ᮥ ⠩  ⥪, ਬ,
     `foo',  <RET>.  ᫨ CVS ࠡ⠥,  ⢥⮬
     㤥

          cvs [pserver aborted]: bad auth protocol start: foo

      ⨢ 砥 㡥,  `inetd' ࠡ⠥
     ࠢ쭮.   맮 CVS  䠩
     `/etc/inetd.conf'  ணࠬ `echo'.  ਬ:

          2401  stream  tcp  nowait  root /bin/echo echo hello

      ᤥ ⠪, ⮡ `inetd' ⠫ ᢮ 䠩
     䨣樨, ஡ `telnet'  ࠧ,   
     㢨 ᫮ `hello',  ⥬ ࢥ  
     ᮥ.  ᫨   ⠪,  㦭 ࠢ 
     `inetd', । ⥬,  ᯮ  CVS.

      ⥬  AIX   2401 㦥 ᯮ
     ⥬.   ஡ AIX  ⮬ ᫥,   2401
     ॣ஢  CVS.   蠫,  
     ࠢ ⮩ ஡  AIX.

㣨 ࠭ ஡
================================

    ᯨ᮪ ஡,      
襯᫥ ⥣਩.

   * ᫨  ᯮ CVS 1.9.18  ࠭,  `cvs
     update' 㦨 䫨  ⠥ ᫨
     ,  ᠭ  *Note ਬ 䫨::, 
      ᮮ頥 ,    䫨,
     ,  ᯮ   RCS.  
      襭, ⭮, 㤥   CVS
      ⮩,   㦤  譨 ணࠬ RCS.


*****

   Roland Pesch (<roland@wrs.com>), - ࠡ⠢訩 
Cygnus Support, ᠫ ࠭ 㪮⢠, 
࠭﫨  CVS ᨨ 1.3.     ⥪
뫠 ᪮஢   㪮⢮.   ⠪ ⠫ ࠭
୮ ⮣ 㪮⢠   ⢮  
ࠢ.

   ᮪ 뫪 `info-cvs'  뢠 ଠ⨢.
  㪮⢮ 祭 ଠ  ᥬ David G.
Grubbs (<dgg@think.com>).

    ⥪ 祭  ࠭ 㪮⢠  RCS.

       (FAQ)  CVS, ᮧ ⥬
  . 㡡ᮬ, 諮 ⢮ 
ਠ.   FAQ, ,   ন, 
 㪮⢮   訬 ᫥ (
ࠩ ,  窨 ७ ᯮ짮 CVS).

   ,    , 㪠  ᮢ襭
訡:

     Roxanne Brunskill <rbrunski@datap.ca>,
     Kathy Dyer <dyer@phoenix.ocf.llnl.gov>,
     Karl Pingle <pingle@acuson.com>,
     Thomas A Peterson <tap@src.honeywell.com>,
     Inge Wallin <ingwa@signum.se>,
     Dirk Koschuetzki <koschuet@fmi.uni-passau.de>
     and Michael Brown <brown@wi.extrel.com>.

    ᯨ᮪ ⭨ ᮧ 㪮⢠ 
  䠩 `doc/ChangeLog'  ਡ⨢ 室
⥪⮢ CVS.

   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?
***********************************************

    CVS,   㪮⢮  ᮢ襭, , ⭮,
   ⠪묨.  ᫨   ஡ 
ᯮ짮 CVS,  ᫨  ⠥,  㦨
訡,  ᪮쪮 饩,   ।ਭ.
,  ᫨  㪮⢥  ⪨ , 
   訡, ⮬ ⮨  -
।ਭ, 筮 ⠪ ,  ᫨   뫮 訡 
CVS.

   * ᫨  , ⮡ -    ࠢ
      訡,  ,  ᤥ 
      । .    ⠪ :

          Signum Support AB
          Box 2044
          S-580 02  Linkoping
          Sweden
          Email: info@signum.se
          Phone: +46 (0)13 - 21 46 00
          Fax:   +46 (0)13 - 21 47 00
          http://www.signum.se/
          
          Cyclic Software
          United States of America
          http://www.cyclic.com/
          info@cyclic.com

   * ᫨  稫 CVS  ࠭⥫, ਬ,
     ந⥫ 樮 ⥬  ⠢騪
     -᪮  ᢮ ணࠬ ᯥ祭,
       ᭨, ।⠢  
     ࠭⥫ প.  筮  ⮣ 
     ,   ।⠢ ।쭮 
     প,   ࠧ ࠭⥫  ࠧ.

   * ᫨  ᯮᮡ  ६ ,  
     ᠬ ࠢ 訡.  ᫨  , ⮡ 
     ࠢ 諮  ।  CVS, ᬮ
     䠩 `HACKING'  ਡ⨢ 室 ⥪⮢ CVS.
      ᮤন ࠧ  ଠ樨  
     ᥭ ࠢ.

   *     ,   .  
        砫 ⠪:

          http://www.cyclic.com
          http://www.loria.fr/~molli/cvs-index.html

     ᫨  孮 祬-,   㤥 祭
     ਧ⥫  㢥祭 ⢠ ଠ樨,
     㯭  .  ਬ,  ⮣,  ⠭
     ਡ⨢ CVS ࠡ⠫  Windows 95, 뫠 ᮧ
     web-࠭  ᭥ﬨ  ⠬,  ࠧ
     ⭨ ᯨ᪠ 뫪 , 㯮 
     ࠭   ᮢ.

   *  ⠪ ᮮ  訡  `bug-cvs'.  ,
      易⥫쭮  ᮮ饭  訡 㤥
     ⥭.   , ᫨  ॡ 襭 --
     ᠭ .   ᭮ ⠬   
     ᮡ    訡.   
     㢥 蠭 ᯥ譮 室, ᨬ쭮 ⪮
     ᠢ 訡    室 ⥫
     ଠ.    訡 , ࠢ 쬮
       <bug-cvs@gnu.org>.  , 
     ࠢ, 訥  `bug-cvs', 
     ࠭  ᫮ 㡫筮 業 GNU.
     ᫨    ࠢ -  뫠 ࠢ.
     筮  ᫥ ᫠ 쬠   
     ࠧࠡ稪 CVS, ⮬    , 
     ᮢ  祭 ᮮ饭  訡, 
     `bug-cvs'.   ⠪,  ࠢ ᮮ饭 
     訡  㣨 ᯨ᪨ 뫪  㯯 ⥩
     __  ᥬ  `bug-cvs'.   㦤
     訡  CVS   㬥,  ᫨  , ⮡
      ᮮ饭 ⠫   ࠧࠡ稪,
     ᯮ `bug-cvs'.

     ,   ᯨ᮪  訡,
 ⭠  㦥 ⭠ 訡.   `BUGS' 
ਡ⨢ 室 ⥪⮢ CVS    ⠪
ᯨ᪮  訡,   易⥫쭮 .
,  ᯨ᪠   㤥.


******

!,  䠩 modules:
          See ``᪫祭 ⠫  ᯨ᪠''.
#cvs.lock, 孨᪨ ⠫:
          See ``஢  ९ਨ''.
#cvs.lock, 㤠:
          See ``  ᪮쪨 ࠧࠡ稪  CVS''.
#cvs.rfl,  १ࢭ ஢:
          See ``ࢭ ஢ ९''.
#cvs.rfl, 孨᪨ ⠫:
          See ``஢  ९ਨ''.
#cvs.rfl, 㤠:
          See ``  ᪮쪨 ࠧࠡ稪  CVS''.
#cvs.tfl:
          See ``஢  ९ਨ''.
#cvs.wfl, 孨᪨ ⠫:
          See ``஢  ९ਨ''.
#cvs.wfl, 㤠:
          See ``  ᪮쪨 ࠧࠡ稪  CVS''.
$CVSROOT, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩''.
$CVSUMASK, ६ 㦥:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
&,  䠩 modules:
          See ``ᥭ-㫨''.
-a,   䠩 modules:
          See ``㫨-ᨭ''.
-d,  䠩 modules:
          See `` 㫥''.
-e,  䠩 modules:
          See `` 㫥''.
-i,  䠩 modules:
          See `` 㫥''.
-j (᫨ﭨ ⮪):
          See ``ﭨ ⮪''.
-k (⠭ 祢 ᫮):
          See `` ⠭''.
-o,  䠩 modules:
          See `` 㫥''.
-s,  䠩 modules:
          See `` 㫥''.
-t,  䠩 㫥:
          See `` 㫥''.
-u,  䠩 modules:
          See `` 㫥''.
.# files:
          See ``饭  update''.
.bashrc, ⠭ $CVSROOT:
          See `` ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩''.
.cshrc, ⠭ $CVSROOT:
          See `` ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩''.
.cvsrc:
          See ``  㬮砭  䠩 ~/.cvsrc''.
.profile, ⠭ $CVSROOT:
          See `` ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩''.
.tcshrc, ⠭ $CVSROOT:
          See `` ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩''.
/usr/local/cvsroot, ਬ ९:
          See ``਩''.
:ext:, ࠢ 訡:
          See ``訡  ⠭ ᮥ  CVS-ࢥ஬''.
:ext:, ன:
          See ``   `rsh'''.
:fork:, ன:
          See ``ᯮ짮 ࠫ쭮 `cvs server'  ᮥ''.
:gserver:, ன:
          See ``אַ ᮥ  ᯮ짮 GSSAPI''.
:kserver:, ன:
          See ``אַ ᮥ   Kerberos''.
:local:, ன:
          See ``਩''.
:pserver:, ࠢ 訡:
          See ``訡  ⠭ ᮥ  CVS-ࢥ஬''.
:pserver:, ன:
          See ``ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥''.
:server:, ࠢ 訡:
          See ``訡  ⠭ ᮥ  CVS-ࢥ஬''.
:server:, ன:
          See ``   `rsh'''.
<<<<<<<:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
=======:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
>>>>>>>:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
__ files (VMS):
          See ``饭  update''.
add ( CVS):
          See `` 䠩  ⠫''.
admin, :
          See `` admin: ஢''.
ALL  commitinfo:
          See `` `commitinfo'''.
annotate ():
          See `` annotate''.
attic:
          See ``ठ''.
Author, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
Base, ⠫  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
BASE, ᯥ樠쭠 ⪠:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
BASE, १ࢨ஢  ⪨:
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
Baserev, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
Baserev.tmp, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
Checkin.prog, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
checkout, :
          See `` checkout: 祭 室 ⥪⮢  ।஢''.
checkoutlist:
          See ``  ⠫ CVSROOT ࠭ 䠩''.
commit, :
          See `` commit:  䠩  ९਩''.
commitinfo:
          See `` `commitinfo'''.
COMSPEC, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
config,  CVSROOT:
          See `` 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config''.
CVS 1.6  ᫥:
          See ``ᯮ짮 ᫥  묨 ﬨ CVS''.
CVS,  ணࠬ:
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
CVS, :
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
CVS, ⠫  ࠡ祬 ⠫:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
CVS, 孨᪨ ⠫ ஢:
          See ``஢  ९ਨ''.
CVS, ⭨ ࠧࠡ⪨:
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
CVS, ᨨ:
          See ``⨬  ﬨ CVS''.
CVS, :
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
CVS/, ⠫  ९ਨ:
          See ``⠫ CVS  ९ਨ''.
CVS_CLIENT_LOG, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVS_CLIENT_PORT:
          See ``אַ ᮥ   Kerberos''.
CVS_IGNORE_REMOTE_ROOT, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVS_PASSFILE, ६ 㦥:
          See ``ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥''.
CVS_RCMD_PORT, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVS_RSH, environment variable:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVS_SERVER,  :fork::
          See ``ᯮ짮 ࠫ쭮 `cvs server'  ᮥ''.
CVS_SERVER, ६ ।:
          See ``   `rsh'''.
CVS_SERVER_SLEEP, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVSEDITOR, ६ 㦥:
          See ``஢ ''.
cvsignore,  ⨢ 䠩:
          See ``஢ 䠩   cvsignore''.
CVSIGNORE, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVSREAD, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVSREAD, ८।:
          See ``   ப''.
cvsroot:
          See ``਩''.
CVSROOT, 䠩:
          See ``ࠢ筨  ⨢ 䠩''.
CVSROOT, ࠭ 䠩:
          See ``  ⠫ CVSROOT ࠭ 䠩''.
CVSROOT,  :
          See ``⨢ 䠩''.
CVSROOT, ᪮쪮 ९ਥ:
          See ``᪮쪮 ९ਥ''.
CVSROOT, ८।:
          See ``   ப''.
CVSROOT/config:
          See `` 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config''.
cvswrappers, ⨢ 䠩:
          See `` `cvswrappers'''.
CVSWRAPPERS, ६ 㦥 <1>:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
CVSWRAPPERS, ६ 㦥:
          See `` `cvswrappers'''.
Cyclic Software:
          See ``   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?''.
Date, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
Decimal revision number:
          See `` ॢ''.
DEFAULT in editinfo:
          See `` `editinfo'''.
DEFAULT in verifymsg:
          See ``஢ઠ ୠ ᥩ''.
DEFAULT  commitinfo:
          See `` `commitinfo'''.
Diff:
          See ``ᬮ ''.
diff, :
          See `` diff:  ࠧ  ॢﬨ''.
edit ():
          See `` ।஢ 䠩,  묨 ?''.
editinfo (⨢ 䠩):
          See `` `editinfo'''.
EDITOR, ६ 㦥:
          See ``஢ ''.
EDITOR, ८।:
          See ``   ப''.
editors ():
          See ``ଠ  ⮬,  ᫥   ।''.
emerge:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
Entries, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
Entries.Backup, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
Entries.Log, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
Entries.Static, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
exit status, of verifymsg:
          See ``஢ઠ ୠ ᥩ''.
export, :
          See `` export: ᯮ஢ 室 ⥪''.
File had conflicts on merge:
          See `` 䠩''.
fork, ⮤ 㯠:
          See ``ᯮ짮 ࠫ쭮 `cvs server'  ᮥ''.
GSSAPI:
          See ``אַ ᮥ  ᯮ짮 GSSAPI''.
HEAD, ᯥ樠쭠 ⪠:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
HEAD, १ࢨ஢  ⪨:
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
Header, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
History ():
          See `` history:  ﭨ 䠩  짮⥫''.
history, 䠩:
          See `` history''.
HOME, environment variable:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
HOMEDRIVE, environment variable:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
HOMEPATH, environment variable:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
Id, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
ident, ணࠬ:
          See ``ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮''.
import, :
          See `` import: ஢ 室 ⥪''.
init ():
          See `` ९''.
Isolation:
          See ``ᬮ ਨ''.
Kerberos, ᯮ짮 :gserver::
          See ``אַ ᮥ  ᯮ짮 GSSAPI''.
Kerberos, ᯮ짮 :kserver::
          See ``אַ ᮥ   Kerberos''.
Kerberos, ᯮ짮 rsh:
          See ``   `rsh'''.
kinit:
          See ``אַ ᮥ   Kerberos''.
Locally Added:
          See `` 䠩''.
Locally Modified:
          See `` 䠩''.
Locally Removed:
          See `` 䠩''.
LockDir,  CVSROOT/config:
          See `` 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config''.
Locker, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
Log, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
log, :
          See `` log:  ଠ  䠩''.
Login ():
          See ``ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥''.
loginfo (⨢ 䠩):
          See `` loginfo''.
Logout ():
          See ``ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥''.
make:
          See ``  ⥬ ᡮન   CVS''.
mkmodules:
          See `` ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭 CVS''.
modules, ⨢ 䠩:
          See `` `modules'''.
Modules, 䠩:
          See ``⨢ 䠩''.
modules, 䠩, ।஢:
          See ``। ''.
modules.db:
          See ``  ⠫ CVSROOT ࠭ 䠩''.
modules.dir:
          See ``  ⠫ CVSROOT ࠭ 䠩''.
modules.pag:
          See ``  ⠫ CVSROOT ࠭ 䠩''.
Name, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
Needs Checkout:
          See `` 䠩''.
Needs Merge:
          See `` 䠩''.
Needs Patch:
          See `` 䠩''.
notify (⨢ 䠩):
          See ``CVS  뫠  㢥''.
Notify, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
Notify.tmp, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
passwd (⨢ 䠩):
          See ``ன ࢥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨''.
PATH, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
PreservePermissions,  CVSROOT/config:
          See `` 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config''.
Pserver ():
          See ``ன ࢥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨''.
PVCS,  䠩:
          See `` 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ''.
RCS,  䠩:
          See `` 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ''.
RCSBIN, ८।:
          See ``   ப''.
RCSBIN,  CVSROOT/config:
          See `` 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config''.
RCSfile, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
rcsinfo, ⨢ 䠩:
          See `` rcsinfo''.
rdiff, :
          See `` rdiff: 뤠   ﬨ  ଠ patch''.
readers, ⨢ 䠩:
          See ``  ९ ⮫쪮  ⥭''.
release, :
          See `` release: ᮮ,     ᯮ''.
remove ( CVS):
          See `` 䠩''.
Repository, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
Revision, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
Root, 䠩  ⠫ CVS/:
          See `` ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩''.
rsh:
          See ``   `rsh'''.
rsh, ⥫ ( প Kerberos, SSH):
          See ``   `rsh'''.
Rtag ():
          See ``     ॢ''.
rtag, ᮧ ⢥:
          See `` ⢨''.
SCCS,  䠩:
          See `` 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ''.
setgid:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
setuid:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
Signum Support:
          See ``   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?''.
Source, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
SSH ( rsh):
          See ``   `rsh'''.
State, 祢 ᫮:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
SystemAuth,  CVSROOT/config:
          See `` 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config''.
Tag, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
tag, :
          See ``   ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
tag, , :
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
tag, ਬ:
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
tag, ᮧ ⢥:
          See `` ⢨''.
taginfo, 䠩:
          See ``ன ୠ஢''.
tc, ਢ  (ਬ):
          See ``ਬ ࠡ  CVS''.
TEMP, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
Template, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
timezone, in output:
          See `` log:  ଠ  䠩''.
TMP, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
TMPDIR, ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
TMPDIR, ८।:
          See ``   ப''.
TopLevelAdmin,  CVSROOT/config:
          See `` 䨣樨 CVSROOT/config''.
Traceability:
          See ``ᬮ ਨ''.
umask  䠩  ९ਨ:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
unedit ():
          See `` ।஢ 䠩,  묨 ?''.
Unknown:
          See `` 䠩''.
Up-to-date:
          See `` 䠩''.
update,  ⮡ࠦ  䠩:
          See `` 䠩''.
update, :
          See `` update:  ࠡ稩 ⠫  ९''.
Update.prog, 䠩  ⠫ CVS:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
users (⨢ 䠩):
          See ``CVS  뫠  㢥''.
verifymsg (⨢ 䠩):
          See ``஢ઠ ୠ ᥩ''.
VISUAL, ६ 㦥:
          See ``஢ ''.
watch add (subcommand):
          See ``CVS  뫠  㢥''.
watch off ():
          See ``   CVS ᫥  ।묨 䠩?''.
watch on ():
          See ``   CVS ᫥  ।묨 䠩?''.
watch remove ():
          See ``CVS  뫠  㢥''.
watchers ():
          See ``ଠ  ⮬,  ᫥   ।''.
web-࠭, প   CVS:
          See `` 祭 ''.
what, ணࠬ:
          See ``ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮''.
Windows,  ࠢ 㯠:
          See ``᪨  Windows ࠢ 㯠''.
writers, ⨢ 䠩:
          See ``  ९ ⮫쪮  ⥭''.
zone, time, in output:
          See `` log:  ଠ  䠩''.
⨢ 䠩 ():
          See ``⨢ 䠩''.
⨢ 䠩, checkoutlist:
          See ``  ⠫ CVSROOT ࠭ 䠩''.
⨢ 䠩, ।஢:
          See ``⨢ 䠩''.
⨢ 䠩, ࠢ筨:
          See ``ࠢ筨  ⨢ 䠩''.
⨢ 䠩 cvswrappers:
          See `` `cvswrappers'''.
⨢ 䠩 modules:
          See `` `modules'''.
⨢ 䠩 verifymsg:
          See ``஢ઠ ୠ ᥩ''.
ᥭ-㫨:
          See ``ᥭ-㫨''.
⮬ ࠭樨, ⢨:
          See ``  ᪮쪨 ࠧࠡ稪  CVS''.
⥭䨪  裡:
          See ``   ப''.
⥭䨪 , ᯮ짮:
          See ``ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥''.
⮬᪨ 㥬 䠩:
          See ``஢ 䠩   cvsignore''.
᭮, GSSAPI:
          See ``אַ ᮥ  ᯮ짮 GSSAPI''.
᭮, Kerberos:
          See ``אַ ᮥ   Kerberos''.
᭮, setuid:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
᭮, ࠢ 㯠  䠩  ९ਨ:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
᭮,  ᯮ짮 pserver:
          See `` ᭮  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨''.
஢ 祭:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
஢ 䠩:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
஢ CVS  १ࢭ ஢:
          See ``ࢭ ஢ ९''.
஢, cvs, :
          See ``  ᪮쪨 ࠧࠡ稪  CVS''.
஢, 孨᪨ ⠫:
          See ``஢  ९ਨ''.
஢,  ⨫ RCS:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
㪢  (⪠):
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
, ਫ:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
ॢ ॢ:
          See `` ॢ''.
ॢ ॢ, ᮧ ⢥:
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
 䠩:
          See `` 䠩  ⠫''.
 ⪨:
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
  ९ ⮫쪮  ⥭:
          See ``  ९ ⮫쪮  ⥭''.
  ⪥:
          See ``  ⪠''.
 䠩:
          See ``ࠡ⪠  䠩''.
䠩 .cvsrc:
          See ``  㬮砭  䠩 ~/.cvsrc''.
䠩 commitinfo:
          See `` `commitinfo'''.
 CVS/Baserev:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Baserev.tmp:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Checkin.prog:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Entries:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Entries.Backup:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Entries.Log:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Entries.Static:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Notify:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Notify.tmp:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Repository:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
䠩 CVS/Root:
          See `` ᮮ CVS,  室 ९਩''.
 CVS/Tag:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Template:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 CVS/Update.prog:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
䠩 history:
          See `` history''.
 Modules:
          See ``⨢ 䠩''.
䠩 modules,  -a:
          See ``㫨-ᨭ''.
䠩 modules, ।஢:
          See ``। ''.
䠩 passwd  CVS:
          See ``ன ࢥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨''.
䠩 taginfo:
          See ``ன ୠ஢''.
䠩, 祭 ᢥ ॢ:
          See ``祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩''.
䠩, :
          See ``祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩''.
䠩, :
          See `` 䠩''.
 RCS:
          See `` ࠭ 䠩  ९ਨ''.
 ਨ:
          See `` ࠭ 䠩  ९ਨ''.
䠩 ⮫쪮  ⥭  -r:
          See ``   ப''.
䠩 ⮫쪮  ⥭  CVSREAD:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
䠩 ⮫쪮  ⥭  ᫥:
          See ``   CVS ᫥  ।묨 䠩?''.
䠩 ⮫쪮  ⥭  ९ਨ:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
䠩 ன:
          See ``樠 䠩''.
  ९ਨ, umask:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
䠩, ⨢, ࠢ筮 㪮⢮:
          See ``ࠢ筨  ⨢ 䠩''.
䠩, ஢:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
䠩, :
          See ``ࠡ⪠  䠩''.
䠩, ஢:
          See ``஢ 䠩   cvsignore''.
䠩, ꥤ:
          See ``祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩''.
䠩, २:
          See ``६饭  २ 䠩''.
䠩, ६饭:
          See ``६饭  २ 䠩''.
䠩, ࠢ 㯠:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
䠩, 㤠:
          See `` 䠩''.
䨪 , :
          See `` 䨪஢ ?''.
䨪஢ :
          See ``஢ ''.
䨪஢, ।⥫쭠 ஢ઠ:
          See `` `commitinfo'''.
䫠  䠩 modules:
          See `` 㫥''.
ଠ ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭:
          See `` rcsinfo''.
   ப:
          See ``   ப''.
 䠩 cvsignore:
          See ``஢ 䠩   cvsignore''.
㯯 ⥩:
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
㯯 짮⥫ UNIX:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
࠭ ୠ ᮮ饭:
          See `` loginfo''.
䨪 䠩:
          See ``⠭ 祢 ᫮''.
஢ 䠩:
          See ``஢ 䠩   cvsignore''.
㥬 䠩:
          See ``஢ 䠩   cvsignore''.
 䠩:
          See `` ॢ ⠫  ᪮쪨 䠩''.
 䠩  PVCS:
          See `` 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ''.
 䠩  RCS:
          See `` 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ''.
 䠩  SCCS:
          See `` 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ''.
 䠩,  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ:
          See `` 䠩  㣨 ⥬ ஫ ᨩ''.
 㫥:
          See ``砫 ''.
 ᨬ᪨ 뫮:
          See ``饭  output''.
, ਬ:
          See ``砫 ''.
, 㪢 (⪠):
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
:
          See ``''.
ଠ樮 䠩, ᨭ⠪:
          See `` ᨭ⠪''.
ନ஢ :
          See ``ନ஢   䨪஢ ॢ''.
室  CVS, 祭:
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
室 , 祭:
          See ``祭 室 ''.
室 , 祭  CVS:
          See ``祭 室 ''.
᪫祭 ⠫,  䠩 modules:
          See ``᪫祭 ⠫  ᯨ᪠''.
ࠢ ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭:
          See ``  admin''.
 ᪠ ।:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭:
          See ``  admin''.
  ஢   ﬨ:
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
, ᬮ:
          See ``ᬮ ''.
, ᫨ﭨ:
          See ``ﭨ    ॢﬨ''.
 訡  㪮⢥   CVS:
          See ``   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?''.
祭 室 :
          See ``祭 室 ''.
祭 ன ᨨ, ᯮ ⪨:
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩:
          See ``祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩''.
祭 ⪨:
          See ``  ⪠''.
祭,  ⮢  ।஢:
          See `` ।஢ 䠩,  묨 ?''.
祭, ஢:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
祭, ஢:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
祭 , ࠭:
          See `` 祭 ''.
 ᮮ  訡:
          See ``   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?''.
 裡, ⥭䨪:
          See ``   ப''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Baserev:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Baserev.tmp:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Checkin.prog:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Entries:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Entries.Backup:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Entries.Log:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Entries.Static:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Notify:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Notify.tmp:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Repository:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Tag:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Template:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, 䠩 Update.prog:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS, ⠫ Base:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS,  ࠡ祬 ⠫:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫ CVS/  ९ਨ:
          See ``⠫ CVS  ९ਨ''.
⠫ CVS/Base:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫  ⠫ CVS, Base:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫, 室:
          See ``ᨢ ''.
⠫, २:
          See ``६饭  २ ⠫''.
⠫, ६饭:
          See ``६饭  २ ⠫''.
⠫, ਫ訥   :
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
⠫, 㤠:
          See `` ⠫''.
 -a  䠩 modules:
          See ``㫨-ᨭ''.
祢 ᫮ Author:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮ Date:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮ RCSfile:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, Header:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, Id:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, Locker:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, Log:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, Name:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, Revision:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, Source:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, State:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, ⠭:
          See ``⠭ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, ० ⠭:
          See `` ⠭''.
祢 ᫮, ᯨ᮪:
          See ``᮪ 祢 ᫮''.
祢 ᫮, :
          See ``⠭ 祢 ᫮''.
    :
          See ``   ப''.
  ࠢ  :
          See ``⠭   ப''.
  ப, :
          See ``   ப''.
  ப, ⠭:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
  㬮砭:
          See ``  㬮砭  䠩 ~/.cvsrc''.
, CVS:
          See ``⥢ ९ਨ''.
/ࢥ, ࠡ CVS:
          See ``⥢ ९ਨ''.
 室 CVS:
          See `` 室 CVS''.
 室 ।:
          See `` ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭 CVS''.
 襭 taginfo:
          See ``ன ୠ஢''.
 襭,  䠩 commitinfo:
          See `` `commitinfo'''.
 䨪஢ :
          See `` 䨪஢ ?''.
 admin:
          See `` admin: ஢''.
 checkout:
          See `` checkout: 祭 室 ⥪⮢  ।஢''.
 commit:
          See `` commit:  䠩  ९਩''.
 diff:
          See `` diff:  ࠧ  ॢﬨ''.
 export:
          See `` export: ᯮ஢ 室 ⥪''.
 import:
          See `` import: ஢ 室 ⥪''.
 log:
          See `` log:  ଠ  䠩''.
 rdiff:
          See `` rdiff: 뤠   ﬨ  ଠ patch''.
 release:
          See `` release: ᮮ,     ᯮ''.
 tag:
          See ``   ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
 update:
          See `` update:  ࠡ稩 ⠫  ९''.
 ࠧࠡ稪:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
 CVS, :
          See ``   CVS''.
, ࠢ筨:
          See ``⪨ ࠢ筨   CVS''.
䫨, થ:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
䫨, ਬ:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
䫨, ࠧ襭:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
䫨 (ਬ ᫨ﭨ):
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
஢ :
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
஢ ९:
          See ``६饭 ९''.
 ࠧࠡ⪠:
          See `` ॢ''.
 :
          See `` ⪨''.
 ⪨:
          See `` ⪨''.
 ⪨, ⨥:
          See `` ⪨''.
 ९਩, ன:
          See ``਩''.
થ 䫨:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
⢮ ﭨ:
          See ``ठ''.
⪠ BASE:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
⪠ HEAD:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
⪠, 㪢 :
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
⪨:
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
⪨, 祭 ன ᨨ:
          See ``⪨ ॢ''.
⪨, :
          See `` ⪨''.
⪨, २:
          See ``, ६饭  㤠 ⮪''.
⪨, ६饭:
          See ``, ६饭  㤠 ⮪''.
⪨, 㤠:
          See ``, ६饭  㤠 ⮪''.
 ९ਥ:
          See ``᪮쪮 ९ਥ''.
㫨, ᠭ:
          See `` `modules'''.
㫨-ᨭ:
          See ``㫨-ᨭ''.
, ।:
          See ``। ''.
, :
          See `` 㫥''.
ன :ext::
          See ``   `rsh'''.
ன :server::
          See ``   `rsh'''.
ன 쭮 ९:
          See ``਩''.
ன ९:
          See `` ९''.
砫 ࠡ:
          See ``ਬ ࠡ  CVS''.
稭 ஥  CVS:
          See ``稭 ஥  CVS''.
஢ 祭:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪:
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
᪮쪮 ९ਥ:
          See ``᪮쪮 ९ਥ''.
 ॢ:
          See `` ॢ''.
 ⪨ <1>:
          See ``⪨  ॢ''.
 ⪨:
          See `` ॢ''.
 ॢ:
          See `` ॢ''.
 ॢ (⪨):
          See ``⪨  ॢ''.
⪨:
          See `` `cvswrappers'''.
室 ⠫:
          See ``ᨢ ''.
 䠩:
          See ``祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩''.
 㫨:
          See `` 㫨''.
 ᨭ⠪ ଠ樮 䠩:
          See `` ᨭ⠪''.
:
          See ``''.
ꥤ 䠩:
          See ``祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩''.
ꥤ:
          See ``ﭨ ⮪''.
ᠭ 㫥 ():
          See ``⨢ 䠩''.
। :
          See ``। ''.
뢠 ᤥ ࠡ:
          See `` ।஢ 䠩,  묨 ?''.
⬥ :
          See ``ﭨ    ॢﬨ''.
ࠢ ୠ ᮮ饭  :
          See `` loginfo''.
訡  㪮⢥  CVS:
          See ``   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?''.
訡, ᮮ饭  :
          See ``   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?''.
ࠫ ९ਨ:
          See ``᪮쪮 ९ਥ''.
஫ , ᯮ짮:
          See ``ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥''.
஫ ࢥ, ன:
          See ``ன ࢥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨''.
२ 䠩:
          See ``६饭  २ 䠩''.
२ ⠫:
          See ``६饭  २ ⠫''.
२ ⮪:
          See ``, ६饭  㤠 ⮪''.
६ 㦥 $CVSUMASK:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
६ 㦥 CVS_PASSFILE:
          See ``ᯮ짮   ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樥''.
६ 㦥 CVSWRAPPERS:
          See `` `cvswrappers'''.
६ 㦥 VISUAL:
          See ``஢ ''.
६ 㦥, CVSEDITOR:
          See ``஢ ''.
६ 㦥, EDITOR:
          See ``஢ ''.
६ । CVS_SERVER:
          See ``   `rsh'''.
६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
६饭 䠩:
          See ``६饭  २ 䠩''.
६饭 ⠫:
          See ``६饭  २ ⠫''.
६饭 ⮪:
          See ``, ६饭  㤠 ⮪''.
६饭 ९:
          See ``६饭 ९''.
८। CVSREAD:
          See ``   ப''.
८। CVSROOT:
          See ``   ப''.
८। EDITOR:
          See ``   ப''.
८। RCSBIN:
          See ``   ப''.
८। TMPDIR:
          See ``   ப''.
祭:
          See ``祭 ᢥ ॢ 䠩''.
প CVS:
          See ``   訡  CVS  ⮬ 㪮⢥?''.
⠫:
          See ``ᨢ ''.
⠭ 祢 ᫮:
          See ``⠭ 祢 ᫮''.
⠭ 祢 ᫮, ०:
          See `` ⠭''.
⨪:
          See `` 䨪஢ ?''.
祭 䠩, ਬ:
          See ``祭 室 ''.
祭 室 :
          See ``祭 室 ''.
짮⥫ UNIX:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
⠢騪:
          See ``  㦨 室묨 ⥪⠬''.
, ⮬᪠ 뫪  䨪஢:
          See ``ନ஢   䨪஢ ॢ''.
ࠢ 㯠:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
ࠢ 㯠  䠩  ९ਨ:
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
ࠢ 㯠, ࠭  CVS:
          See ``樠 䠩''.
ࠢ 㯠,  Windows:
          See ``᪨  Windows ࠢ 㯠''.
䨪 :
          See ``  admin''.
२⢠ ᯮ짮 ⢥:
          See `` 祣  ⢨?''.
ਫ訥   ,   ⠫:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
ਬ 䫨:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
ਬ ࠡ:
          See ``ਬ ࠡ  CVS''.
ਬ ᫨ﭨ:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
ਬ ᫨ﭨ ⢥:
          See ``ﭨ ⮪''.
ਬ, ᫨ﭨ ⢥:
          See ``ﭨ ⮪''.
ਭ㤨⥫쭮 ᮢ  ⪮:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
஥, 砫:
          See ``稭 ஥  CVS''.
஥, ᮧ:
          See ``稭 ஥  CVS''.
ணࠬ ident:
          See ``ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮''.
ணࠬ what:
          See ``ᯮ짮 祢 ᫮''.
ணࠬ  䨪஢:
          See `` 㫥''.
ணࠬ  祭:
          See `` 㫥''.
ணࠬ  ᯮ:
          See `` 㫥''.
ணࠬ, 믮塞  :
          See `` 㫥''.
ணࠬ, 믮塞  ⪥:
          See `` 㫥''.
ணࠬ, 믮塞  䨪஢:
          See ``믮 ணࠬ  ࠧ ⠤ 䨪஢''.
ᬮ ਨ:
          See ``ᬮ ਨ''.
ᬮ :
          See ``ᬮ ''.
஢ઠ  䨪஢:
          See `` `commitinfo'''.
ᥢ 짮⥫:
          See ``ன ࢥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨''.
  CVS, ਬ:
          See ``ਬ ࠡ  CVS''.
ࠡ :
          See ``᪮쪮 ࠧࠡ稪''.
 , 㤠:
          See ``ઠ  ᮡ''.
 , ᢮:
          See ``ઠ  ᮡ''.
ࠡ稩 ⠫, ⠫ CVS  :
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
࠭ ଠ樨:
          See ``ନ஢   䨪஢ ॢ''.
࠭ ୠ ᮮ饭:
          See `` loginfo''.
 ९ਨ:
          See ``᪮쪮 ९ਥ''.
饭 ⠫ ९:
          See ``਩''.
ࠧࠡ⪠, :
          See `` ॢ''.
ࠧ襭 䫨:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
஢ ⨢ 䠩:
          See ``⨢ 䠩''.
।஢ 䠩 modules:
          See ``। ''.
।   :
          See `` `editinfo'''.
।,   ᪠:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
।,  室:
          See `` ᯨ᮪ ᮮ饭 CVS''.
४ᨢ 室 ⠫:
          See ``ᨢ ''.
ਨ, ᪮쪮:
          See ``᪮쪮 ९ਥ''.
ਨ, ⥢:
          See ``⥢ ९ਨ''.
९਩,  ⮫쪮  ⥭:
          See ``  ९ ⮫쪮  ⥭''.
९਩, ࠭ :
          See ``  ࠭  ९ਨ''.
९਩, ⠫ CVS/:
          See ``⠫ CVS  ९ਨ''.
਩, ன:
          See `` ९''.
਩, ६饭:
          See ``६饭 ९''.
਩, ਬ:
          See ``਩''.
਩, ࠧ饭 ⠫:
          See ``਩''.
਩, १ࢭ ஢:
          See ``ࢭ ஢ ९''.
਩, :
          See ``਩''.
ॢ  ᨨ:
          See ``ᨨ  ॢ''.
ॢ, ॢ:
          See `` ॢ''.
ॢ, :
          See `` ॢ''.
ॢ, ᫨ﭨ :
          See ``ﭨ    ॢﬨ''.
ॢ, ࠢ:
          See ``ࠢ ॢﬨ''.
ࢭ ஢ ९:
          See ``ࢭ ஢ ९''.
ᡮઠ ஥:
          See ``  ⥬ ᡮન   CVS''.
ࢥ ⥭䨪樨, ன:
          See ``ன ࢥ  ஫쭮 ⥭䨪樨''.
ࢥ, CVS:
          See ``⥢ ९ਨ''.
ࢥ, ६ ⠫:
          See ``६ ⠫  ࢥ''.
⥢ ९ਨ:
          See ``⥢ ९ਨ''.
ᨬ᪨ 뫪:
          See ``樠 䠩''.
ᨬ᪨ 뫪, :
          See ``饭  output''.
ᨭ⠪ ଠ樮 䠩:
          See `` ᨭ⠪''.
ᨭ⠪ ॣ ࠦ:
          See `` ᨭ⠪''.
᫥:
          See ``   ப''.
᫥  室묨 ⥪⠬:
          See ``  㦨 室묨 ⥪⠬''.
᫥, 䠩 ⮫쪮  ⥭:
          See ``   CVS ᫥  ।묨 䠩?''.
᫥:
          See `` ᫥,  । 䠩?''.
᫥  CVS 1.6:
          See ``ᯮ짮 ᫥  묨 ﬨ CVS''.
᫨ﭨ:
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
᫨ﭨ  ॢ:
          See ``ﭨ    ॢﬨ''.
᫨ﭨ ⪨:
          See ``ﭨ ⮪''.
᫨ﭨ ⢥, ਬ:
          See ``ﭨ ⮪''.
᫨ﭨ, ⭮:
          See ``⭮ ᫨ﭨ  ⪨''.
᫨ﭨ, ਬ:
          See ``ਬ 䫨''.
⨥  ⮪:
          See `` ⪨''.
࠭ 祭 :
          See `` 祭 ''.
ﭨ, ⢮:
          See ``ठ''.
ᮢ⨬  ﬨ CVS:
          See ``⨬  ﬨ CVS''.
ᮢ  ⪮, ਭ㤨⥫쭮:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
ᮧ ஥:
          See ``稭 ஥  CVS''.
 ९:
          See `` ९''.
 ⢥:
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
ᮧ ⢨:
          See `` ⢨''.
ᯥ樠 䠩:
          See ``樠 䠩''.
᪨ 뫪:
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
ᯨ᮪ ᯮ짮 ਠ:
          See ``  ⥬ ᡮન   CVS''.
ࠢ筨  :
          See ``⪨ ࠢ筨   CVS''.
ࠢ筨  ६ 㦥:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
ࠢ筮 㪮⢮,  ⨢ 䠩:
          See ``ࠢ筨  ⨢ 䠩''.
⠭ :
          See ``⠭   ப''.
 䠩:
          See `` 䠩''.
 䠩, ᯮ짮 update:
          See `` 䠩''.
 :
          See `` 㫥''.
:
          See ``   CVS''.
  CVS:
          See ``   CVS''.
⢮  ⢨:
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
 ९਩:
          See ``਩''.
⮫쪮  ⥭:
          See ``   ப''.
࠭樨, ⮬, ⢨:
          See ``  ᪮쪨 ࠧࠡ稪  CVS''.
ਢ  (ਬ):
          See ``ਬ ࠡ  CVS''.
, ਫ訩:
          See ``  ࠭  ࠡ祬 ⠫''.
ઠ:
          See ``ઠ  ᮡ''.
㤠 䠩:
          See `` 䠩''.
㤠 :
          See ``ﭨ    ॢﬨ''.
㤠 ⠫:
          See `` ⠫''.
㤠  ⮪:
          See `` ⪨''.
㤠 ⮪:
          See ``, ६饭  㤠 ⮪''.
 ࠡ祩 :
          See ``ઠ  ᮡ''.
㤠 ॢ:
          See ``  admin''.
㤠 䠩, ⠭ ன ᨨ:
          See ``ﭨ    ॢﬨ''.
㪠 ⪨:
          See ``  ⪠''.
ࠢ ॢﬨ:
          See ``ࠢ ॢﬨ''.
⠭ ࠧ (VMS):
          See ``ࠢ 㯠  䠩''.
ॢ訥 ॢ:
          See ``  admin''.
⭨ ᮧ 㪮⢠:
          See ``''.
⭨ ᮧ 㪮⢠:
          See ``''.
⪨ 뫪:
          See ``樠 䠩''.
ୠ, :
          See ``஢ ''.
ୠ쭠 ଠ, ࠭:
          See `` history''.
ୠ쭠 , ஢ઠ:
          See ``஢ઠ ୠ ᥩ''.
ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭, 蠡:
          See `` rcsinfo''.
ୠ ᮮ饭:
          See `` loginfo''.
ୠ ᮮ饭, ࠢ:
          See ``  admin''.
ୠ , ।஢:
          See `` `editinfo'''.
ᨨ CVS:
          See ``⨬  ﬨ CVS''.
ᨨ  ॢ:
          See ``ᨨ  ॢ''.
⪠ ⠢騪:
          See ``  㦨 室묨 ⥪⠬''.
⪠, :
          See ``  ⪠''.
⪠, 祭:
          See ``  ⪠''.
⪠,  <1>:
          See ``⪨  ॢ''.
⪠, :
          See `` ॢ''.
⪠, 㪠:
          See ``  ⪠''.
⪠, 襡:
          See ``襡  ⮪''.
⪨, :
          See ``  ⪠''.
⢨:
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
⢨  ஢   :
          See `` ⢥  ᫨ﭨ''.
⢨, ᯮ짮:
          See `` 祣  ⢨?''.
⢨, २⢠:
          See `` 祣  ⢨?''.
⢨, ਬ ᫨ﭨ:
          See ``ﭨ ⮪''.
, ᮧ:
          See `` ⢨''.
, ᮧ   rtag:
          See `` ⢨''.
, ᮧ   tag:
          See `` ⢨''.
 䠩, ࠭  CVS:
          See ``樠 䠩''.
襡 ⪠:
          See ``襡  ⮪''.
⠭ ன ᨨ 㤠 䠩:
          See ``ﭨ    ॢﬨ''.
  ॢ  ९ਨ:
          See `` ।஢ 䠩,  묨 ?''.
६ :
          See ``⠭   ப''.
६ 䠩:
          See `` ६ 㦥, ᯮ㥬  CVS''.
६ ⠫  ࢥ:
          See ``६ ⠫  ࢥ''.
६:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
  CVS:
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
롮, ஢  ஢ 祭:
          See ``롮  ஢묨  ஢묨 祭ﬨ''.
᢮ ࠡ祩 :
          See ``ઠ  ᮡ''.
맮 CVS:
          See ``⪨ ࠢ筨   CVS''.
 :
          See ``⠭   ப''.
 祢 ᫮:
          See ``⠭ 祢 ᫮''.
 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭:
          See ``  admin''.
  ୠ:
          See ``஢ ''.
, ६:
          See ``⠭   ப''.
蠡 ୠ쭮 ᮮ饭:
          See `` rcsinfo''.
஢:
          See ``   ப''.
 :
          See ``  admin''.
   CVS?:
          See ``   CVS?''.
ठ:
          See ``ठ''.
 ⠪ CVS?:
          See `` ⠪ CVS?''.
㦨 室 ⥪:
          See ``  㦨 室묨 ⥪⠬''.

...Table of Contents...
